만약 (나중에 문서에서 다룰) 백그라운드 작업이 있다면, 모든 미들웨어가 실행되고 *난 후에* 실행됩니다.

## 미들웨어 만들기

미들웨어를 작성하기 위해서 함수 상단에 `@app.middleware("http")` 데코레이터를 사용할 수 있습니다.

미들웨어 함수는 다음 항목들을 받습니다:

* `request`.
* `request`를 매개변수로 받는 `call_next` 함수.
    * 이 함수는 `request`를 해당하는 *경로 작업*으로 전달합니다.
    * 그런 다음, *경로 작업*에 의해 생성된 `response` 를 반환합니다.
* `response`를 반환하기 전에 추가로 `response`를 수정할 수 있습니다.

```Python hl_lines="8-9  11  14"

```

Notice that you can use Markdown inside of the descriptions, for example "login" will be shown in bold (**login**) and "fancy" will be shown in italics (_fancy_).

!!! tip
    You don't have to add metadata for all the tags that you use.

### Use your tags

Use the `tags` parameter with your *path operations* (and `APIRouter`s) to assign them to different tags:

```Python hl_lines="21  26"

### `response_model` oder Rückgabewert

Da unsere zwei Modelle in diesem Fall unterschiedlich sind, würde, wenn wir den Rückgabewert der Funktion als `UserOut` deklarieren, der Editor sich beschweren, dass wir einen ungültigen Typ zurückgeben, weil das unterschiedliche Klassen sind.

Darum müssen wir es in diesem Fall im `response_model`-Parameter deklarieren.

    # TODO: this should be part of some pydantic optional extra dependencies
    # # Settings management
    # "pydantic-settings >=2.0.0",
    # # Extra Pydantic data types
    # "pydantic-extra-types >=2.0.0",
]

all = [
    "fastapi-cli >=0.0.2",
    # # For the test client
    "httpx >=0.23.0",
    # For templates
    "jinja2 >=2.11.2",
    # For forms and file uploads
    "python-multipart >=0.0.7",

* `callbacks`: OpenAPI callbacks that apply to all the *path operations*.
* `deprecated`: to mark all the *path operations* as deprecated. 🤷
* `include_in_schema`: to allow excluding all the *path operations* from the OpenAPI schema.
* `responses`: OpenAPI responses that apply to all the *path operations*.

For example:

```Python
from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends

Es handelt sich schlicht um eine Standard-Funktion, die Parameter empfangen kann.

Es kann sich um eine `async def`- oder normale `def`-Funktion handeln. **FastAPI** weiß, wie damit zu verfahren ist.

In diesem Fall schreibt die Taskfunktion in eine Datei (den Versand einer E-Mail simulierend).

Und da der Schreibvorgang nicht `async` und `await` verwendet, definieren wir die Funktion mit normalem `def`:

```Python hl_lines="6-9"

### Tags mittels Enumeration

Wenn Sie eine große Anwendung haben, können sich am Ende **viele Tags** anhäufen, und Sie möchten sicherstellen, dass Sie für verwandte *Pfadoperationen* immer den **gleichen Tag** nehmen.

In diesem Fall macht es Sinn, die Tags in einem `Enum` zu speichern.

**FastAPI** unterstützt diese genauso wie einfache Strings:

```Python hl_lines="1  8-10  13  18"
{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002b.py!}

$ python main.py

// As we didn't set the env var, we get the default value

Hello World from Python

// But if we create an environment variable first
$ export MY_NAME="Wade Wilson"

// And then call the program again
$ python main.py

// Now it can read the environment variable

Hello Wade Wilson from Python
```

</div>

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## Opiniones

"_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._"