*       cryptographic hashes.)
 *   <li><b>fast:</b> perhaps self-explanatory, but often the most important consideration.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <h3>Providing input to a hash function</h3>
 *
 * <p>The primary way to provide the data that your hash function should act on is via a {@link
 * Hasher}. Obtain a new hasher from the hash function using {@link #newHasher}, "push" the relevant

time, but never ONE with such a neck as that!  No, no!  You're a
serpent; and there's no use denying it.  I suppose you'll be
telling me next that you never tasted an egg!'

  `I HAVE tasted eggs, certainly,' said Alice, who was a very
truthful child; `but little girls eat eggs quite as much as
serpents do, you know.'

  `I don't believe it,' said the Pigeon; `but if they do, why

   * IllegalArgumentException} if passed a {@code fromKey} less than an earlier {@code fromKey}.
   * However, this method doesn't throw an exception in that situation, but instead keeps the
   * original {@code fromKey}. Similarly, this method keeps the original {@code toKey}, instead of
   * throwing an exception, if passed a {@code toKey} greater than an earlier {@code toKey}.
   */
  @Override

  @Override
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  public final Hasher putByte(byte b) {
    buffer.put(b);
    munchIfFull();
    return this;
  }

  @Override
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  public final Hasher putShort(short s) {
    buffer.putShort(s);
    munchIfFull();
    return this;
  }

  @Override
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  public final Hasher putChar(char c) {
    buffer.putChar(c);

 *
 * @author Qian Huang
 * @since 16.0
 */
@Beta
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
public final class HashingInputStream extends FilterInputStream {
  private final Hasher hasher;

  /**
   * Creates an input stream that hashes using the given {@link HashFunction} and delegates all data
   * read from it to the underlying {@link InputStream}.
   *

 *
 * @author Nick Piepmeier
 * @since 16.0
 */
@Beta
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
public final class HashingOutputStream extends FilterOutputStream {
  private final Hasher hasher;

  /**
   * Creates an output stream that hashes using the given {@link HashFunction}, and forwards all
   * data written to it to the underlying {@link OutputStream}.
   *

  }

  public void testHashIntVsForLoop() {
    int input = 42;
    HashCode expected = Hashing.md5().hashInt(input);

    Hasher hasher = Hashing.md5().newHasher();
    for (int i = 0; i < 32; i += 8) {
      hasher.putByte((byte) (input >> i));
    }
    HashCode actual = hasher.hash();

    assertEquals(expected, actual);
  }

  private static final String EMPTY_STRING = "";

  }

  private Hasher fromHashers(Hasher[] hashers) {
    return new Hasher() {
      @Override
      public Hasher putByte(byte b) {
        for (Hasher hasher : hashers) {
          hasher.putByte(b);
        }
        return this;
      }

      @Override
      public Hasher putBytes(byte[] bytes) {
        for (Hasher hasher : hashers) {
          hasher.putBytes(bytes);
        }

    hasher.putShort((short) 0x0201);
    hasher.assertBytes(new byte[] {1, 2});
  }

  public void testInt() {
    TestHasher hasher = new TestHasher();
    hasher.putInt(0x04030201);
    hasher.assertBytes(new byte[] {1, 2, 3, 4});
  }

  public void testLong() {
    TestHasher hasher = new TestHasher();
    hasher.putLong(0x0807060504030201L);
    hasher.assertBytes(new byte[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8});

    assertEquals(hashCode, hasher.hash().asLong());

    hasher = HASH_FN.newHasher();
    hasher.putBytes(new byte[] {0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00});
    assertEquals(hashCode, hasher.hash().asLong());

    hasher = HASH_FN.newHasher();
    hasher.putLong(0x0000000001000101L);
    assertEquals(hashCode, hasher.hash().asLong());

    hasher = HASH_FN.newHasher();
    hasher