},
					func(d *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB { return d.Where("d = 4") },
				).Find(&Language{})
			},
			expected: `SELECT * FROM "languages" WHERE d = 4 OR c = 3 OR (a = 1 AND b = 2)`,
		},
	}

	for _, test := range tests {
		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			assertEqualSQL(t, test.expected, DB.ToSQL(test.queryFn))
		})
	}

		`gorm:"before:value;column; after:value" other:"before:value;column:db;after:value"`:    `gorm:"before:value; after:value" other:"before:value;column:db;after:value"`,
	}

	for k, v := range tags {
		if string(removeSettingFromTag(reflect.StructTag(k), "column")) != v {
			t.Errorf("%v after removeSettingFromTag should equal %v, but got %v", k, v, removeSettingFromTag(reflect.StructTag(k), "column"))
		}
	}

		}

		constraints := user.ParseUniqueConstraints()
		if len(constraints) != 1 {
			t.Fatalf("failed to find unique constraint, got %v", constraints)
		}

		for key := range constraints {
			if len(key) != 63 {
				t.Errorf("failed to find unique constraint, got %v", constraints)
			}
		}
	})

	t.Run("naming strategy", func(t *testing.T) {

			"SELECT * FROM `users` LIMIT ? OFFSET ?",
			[]interface{}{limit50, 30},
		},
	}

	for idx, result := range results {
		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("case #%v", idx), func(t *testing.T) {
			checkBuildClauses(t, result.Clauses, result.Result, result.Vars)
		})
	}

	}

	ns := NamingStrategy{}
	for key, value := range maps {
		if ns.toDBName(key) != value {
			t.Errorf("%v toName should equal %v, but got %v", key, value, ns.toDBName(key))
		}
	}

	maps = map[string]string{
		"x":                              "X",

	}

	tx.RowsAffected = rowsAffected
	return tx
}

func (db *DB) assignInterfacesToValue(values ...interface{}) {
	for _, value := range values {
		switch v := value.(type) {
		case []clause.Expression:
			for _, expr := range v {
				if eq, ok := expr.(clause.Eq); ok {
					switch column := eq.Column.(type) {
					case string:

				Expression: clause.Join{
					Type:  clause.InnerJoin,
					Table: clause.Table{Name: "user"},
					Using: []string{"id"},
				},
			},
			sql: "INNER JOIN `user` USING (`id`)",
		},
	}
	for _, result := range results {
		t.Run(result.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			user, _ := schema.Parse(&tests.User{}, &sync.Map{}, db.NamingStrategy)
			stmt := &gorm.Statement{DB: db, Table: user.Table, Schema: user, Clauses: map[string]clause.Clause{}}

			LevelA3s: []*LevelA3{
				{
					Value:   "qux",
					LevelA1: levelA1,
				},
			},
		},
		{
			Value:    "bar 2",
			LevelA3s: []*LevelA3{},
		},
	}
	for _, levelA2 := range want {
		if err := DB.Save(levelA2).Error; err != nil {
			t.Error(err)
		}
	}

	var got []*LevelA2
	if err := DB.Preload("LevelA3s.LevelA1").Find(&got).Error; err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
	}

import (
	"database/sql/driver"
	"fmt"
	"go/ast"
	"reflect"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"gorm.io/gorm/utils"
)

func AssertObjEqual(t *testing.T, r, e interface{}, names ...string) {
	for _, name := range names {
		rv := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(r))
		ev := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(e))
		if rv.IsValid() != ev.IsValid() {
			t.Errorf("%v: expect: %+v, got %+v", utils.FileWithLineNum(), r, e)
			return
		}

	}

	columns, err := DB.Migrator().ColumnTypes("log_usage")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to get columns, got error %v", err)
	}

	hasLogID := false
	for _, column := range columns {
		if column.Name() == "log_id" {
			hasLogID = true
			autoIncrement, ok := column.AutoIncrement()
			if !ok || !autoIncrement {
				t.Fatalf("column log_id should be auto incrementment")
			}
		}