```

!!! warning
    Notice that `Field` is imported directly from `pydantic`, not from `fastapi` as are all the rest (`Query`, `Path`, `Body`, etc).

## Declare model attributes

You can then use `Field` with model attributes:

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="11-14"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.9+"

So the new file structure looks like:

``` hl_lines="9-11"
.
└── sql_app
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── crud.py
    ├── database.py
    ├── main.py
    ├── models.py
    ├── schemas.py
    └── tests
        ├── __init__.py
        └── test_sql_app.py
```

## Create the new database session

First, we create a new database session with the new database.

    )
    assert response.json() == {"email": "******@****.***"}


def test_filter_second_level_model():
    response = client.get("/pets/1")
    assert response.json() == {
        "name": "Nibbler",
        "owner": {"email": "******@****.***"},
    }


def test_list_of_models():
    response = client.get("/pets/")
    assert response.json() == [

import time
from typing import List

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException

from . import crud, database, models, schemas
from .database import db_state_default

database.db.connect()
database.db.create_tables([models.User, models.Item])
database.db.close()

app = FastAPI()

sleep_time = 10


async def reset_db_state():
    database.db._state._state.set(db_state_default.copy())
    database.db._state.reset()

import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from ...utils import needs_py39


@pytest.fixture(name="client")
def get_client():
    from docs_src.extra_models.tutorial004_py39 import app

    client = TestClient(app)
    return client


@needs_py39
def test_get_items(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == [

## Create the Pydantic models

Now let's check the file `sql_app/schemas.py`.

!!! tip
    To avoid confusion between the Peewee *models* and the Pydantic *models*, we will have the file `models.py` with the Peewee models, and the file `schemas.py` with the Pydantic models.

    These Pydantic models define more or less a "schema" (a valid data shape).

    但本节以 `PATCH` 为例的原因是，该操作就是为了这种用例创建的。

!!! note "笔记"

    注意，输入模型仍需验证。

    因此，如果希望接收的部分更新数据可以省略其他所有属性，则要把模型中所有的属性标记为可选（使用默认值或 `None`）。

from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union, cast

from fastapi.exceptions import HTTPException
from fastapi.openapi.models import OAuth2 as OAuth2Model
from fastapi.openapi.models import OAuthFlows as OAuthFlowsModel
from fastapi.param_functions import Form
from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase
from fastapi.security.utils import get_authorization_scheme_param
from starlette.requests import Request

```Python hl_lines="8"
{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!}
```

You can return a `dict`, `list`, singular values as `str`, `int`, etc.

You can also return Pydantic models (you'll see more about that later).

There are many other objects and models that will be automatically converted to JSON (including ORMs, etc). Try using your favorite ones, it's highly probable that they are already supported.

## Recap

* Import `FastAPI`.

If you want to secure your API, there are several better things you can do, for example:

* Make sure you have well defined Pydantic models for your request bodies and responses.
* Configure any required permissions and roles using dependencies.
* Never store plaintext passwords, only password hashes.