from typing import Any

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item)
async def create_item(item: Item) -> Any:
    return item


@app.get("/items/", response_model=list[Item])

from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
from typing_extensions import Annotated

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/login/")
async def login(username: Annotated[str, Form()], password: Annotated[str, Form()]):

import typing

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

media_type = "application/vnd.api+json"


# NOTE: These are not valid JSON:API resources
# but they are fine for testing requestBody with custom media_type
class Product(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float


class Shop(BaseModel):
    name: str


@app.post("/products")

```Dockerfile
COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt
```

Docker and other tools **build** these container images **incrementally**, adding **one layer on top of the other**, starting from the top of the `Dockerfile` and adding any files created by each of the instructions of the `Dockerfile`.

    }
  }

  /** Test equalObjects after adding multiple instances at once with a null */
  public void testAddTwoEqualObjectsAtOnceWithNull() {
    try {
      equalsTester.addEqualityGroup(reference, equalObject1, null);
      fail("Should fail on null equal object");
    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
    }
  }

  /** Test adding null equal object yields error */
  public void testAddNullEqualObject() {

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, Path
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get", ge=0, le=1000)],
    q: str | None = None,
    item: Item | None = None,

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(q: Annotated[list[str], Query()] = ["foo", "bar"]):
    query_items = {"q": q}

### `List` von `typing` importieren

In Python 3.9 oder darüber können Sie einfach `list` verwenden, um diese Typannotationen zu deklarieren, wie wir unten sehen werden. 💡

In Python-Versionen vor 3.9 (3.6 und darüber), müssen Sie zuerst `List` von Pythons Standardmodul `typing` importieren.

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py!}

from typing import List

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(q: List[str] = Query(default=["foo", "bar"])):
    query_items = {"q": q}

from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Sequence, Type, Union

from pydantic import BaseModel, create_model
from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException as StarletteHTTPException
from starlette.exceptions import WebSocketException as StarletteWebSocketException
from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc


class HTTPException(StarletteHTTPException):
    """
    An HTTP exception you can raise in your own code to show errors to the client.