For example, if you need to store it in a database.

For that, **FastAPI** provides a `jsonable_encoder()` function.

## Using the `jsonable_encoder`

Let's imagine that you have a database `fake_db` that only receives JSON compatible data.

For example, it doesn't receive `datetime` objects, as those are not compatible with JSON.

Now, let's see how you could use that to return a custom response.

Let's say that you want to return an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" class="external-link" target="_blank">XML</a> response.

* And many other things...

All these, while minimizing code repetition.

## First Steps

Let's see a very simple example. It will be so simple that it is not very useful, for now.

But this way we can focus on how the **Dependency Injection** system works.

### Create a dependency, or "dependable"

Let's first focus on the dependency.

Let's look at how we can make that work.

## pytest.mark.anyio

# Query Parameters and String Validations

**FastAPI** allows you to declare additional information and validation for your parameters.

Let's take this application as example:

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="7"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001_py310.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="9"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001.py!}
    ```

**FastAPI** provides several tools to help you deal with **Security** easily, rapidly, in a standard way, without having to study and learn all the security specifications.

But first, let's check some small concepts.

## In a hurry?

If you don't care about any of these terms and you just need to add security with authentication based on username and password *right now*, skip to the next chapters.

    # blocking __exit__ from running waiting on a free thread
    # can create race conditions/deadlocks if the context manager itself
    # has its own internal pool (e.g. a database connection pool)
    # to avoid this we let __exit__ run without a capacity limit
    # since we're creating a new limiter for each call, any non-zero limit
    # works (1 is arbitrary)
    exit_limiter = CapacityLimiter(1)
    try:

# Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer

Now let's build from the previous chapter and add the missing parts to have a complete security flow.

## Get the `username` and `password`

We are going to use **FastAPI** security utilities to get the `username` and `password`.

OAuth2 specifies that when using the "password flow" (that we are using) the client/user must send a `username` and `password` fields as form data.

Let's see that phrase by parts in the sections below:

* **Asynchronous Code**
* **`async` and `await`**
* **Coroutines**

## Asynchronous Code

Asynchronous code just means that the language 💬 has a way to tell the computer / program 🤖 that at some point in the code, it 🤖 will have to wait for *something else* to finish somewhere else. Let's say that *something else* is called "slow-file" 📝.

* Traefik（証明書の更新も対応）
* Caddy (証明書の更新も対応)
* Nginx
* HAProxy


## Let's Encrypt

Let's Encrypt以前は、これらの**HTTPS証明書**は信頼できる第三者によって販売されていました。

これらの証明書を取得するための手続きは面倒で、かなりの書類を必要とし、証明書はかなり高価なものでした。

しかしその後、**<a href="https://letsencrypt.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Let's Encrypt</a>** が作られました。