*
 * <p>{@code CharSource} provides two kinds of methods:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li><b>Methods that return a reader:</b> These methods should return a <i>new</i>, independent
 *       instance each time they are called. The caller is responsible for ensuring that the
 *       returned reader is closed.
 *   <li><b>Convenience methods:</b> These are implementations of common operations that are

     * <ul>
     * <li><code>type</code>がパラメータ化された型の配列でない場合は<code>null</code>を返します。</li>
     * <li><code>type</code>が<code>Class</code>の場合はそのまま返します。</li>
     * <li><code>type</code>がパラメータ化された型の場合はその原型を返します。</li>
     * <li><code>type</code>がワイルドカード型の場合は(最初の)上限境界を返します。</li>
     * <li><code>type</code>が型変数の場合はその変数の実際の型引数を返します。</li>
     * <li><code>type</code>が配列の場合はその要素の実際の型の配列を返します。</li>

 * <h3>Value types</h3>
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>{@link ImmutableDoubleArray}
 *   <li>{@link ImmutableIntArray}
 *   <li>{@link ImmutableLongrray}
 *   <li>{@link UnsignedInteger}
 *   <li>{@link UnsignedLong}
 * </ul>
 *
 * <h3>Per-type static utilities</h3>
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>{@link Booleans}
 *   <li>{@link Bytes}
 *       <ul>
 *         <li>{@link SignedBytes}
 *         <li>{@link UnsignedBytes}
 *       </ul>

 * <h3>String utilities</h3>
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>{@link Ascii}
 *   <li>{@link CaseFormat}
 *   <li>{@link CharMatcher}
 *   <li>{@link Splitter}
 *   <li>{@link Strings}
 * </ul>
 *
 * <h3>Function types</h3>
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>{@link Converter}
 *   <li>{@link Equivalence}
 * </ul>
 *
 * <h3>Other</h3>
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>{@link Enums}
 *   <li>{@link MoreObjects}
 *   <li>{@link Preconditions}

 * webservers, RPC servers and timers.
 *
 * <p>The normal lifecycle of a service is:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>{@linkplain State#NEW NEW} -&gt;
 *   <li>{@linkplain State#STARTING STARTING} -&gt;
 *   <li>{@linkplain State#RUNNING RUNNING} -&gt;
 *   <li>{@linkplain State#STOPPING STOPPING} -&gt;
 *   <li>{@linkplain State#TERMINATED TERMINATED}
 * </ul>
 *

        byte[] suffix = new byte[label.length + context.length + 5];
        // per bouncycastle
        // <li>1: K(i) := PRF( KI, [i]_2 || Label || 0x00 || Context || [L]_2 ) with the counter at the very beginning
        // of the fixedInputData (The default implementation has this format)</li>
        // with the parameters
        // <li>1. KDFCounterParameters(ki, null, "Label || 0x00 || Context || [L]_2]", 8);

   *
   * <ol>
   *   <li>The state of the RateLimiter (storedPermits) is a vertical line in this figure.
   *   <li>When the RateLimiter is not used, this goes right (up to maxPermits)
   *   <li>When the RateLimiter is used, this goes left (down to zero), since if we have
   *       storedPermits, we serve from those first

   * escaper implementation.
   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>{@link UnicodeEscaper} handles <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-16">UTF-16</a>
   *       correctly, including surrogate character pairs. If the input is badly formed the escaper
   *       should throw {@link IllegalArgumentException}.
   *   <li>{@link CharEscaper} handles Java characters independently and does not verify the input

   * algorithms should document their behavior in the presence of duplicates.
   *
   * <p>The elements of the returned {@code Iterable} must each be:
   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>Non-null
   *   <li>Usable as {@code Map} keys (see the Guava User Guide's section on <a
   *       href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/GraphsExplained#graph-elements-nodes-and-edges">
   *       graph elements</a> for details)

   * algorithms should document their behavior in the presence of duplicates.
   *
   * <p>The elements of the returned {@code Iterable} must each be:
   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>Non-null
   *   <li>Usable as {@code Map} keys (see the Guava User Guide's section on <a
   *       href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/GraphsExplained#graph-elements-nodes-and-edges">
   *       graph elements</a> for details)