For discovery, the JWT token will be read directly from a file and sent as is. For CA, this logic is a bit more complex,
as the support for external CAs is more mature than external discovery servers. This supports some additional
configuration, a `CredentialFetcher` which allows fetching a token from places other than a file (for example, a local
metadata server), and a `TokenExchanger` which allows exchanging a token for another form to match the CA server requirements.

  //      implementations prior to v1.22)
  //   2. Signer whose configured maximum is shorter than the requested duration
  //   3. Signer whose configured minimum is longer than the requested duration
  //
  // The minimum valid value for expirationSeconds is 600, i.e. 10 minutes.
  //
  // +optional
  optional int32 expirationSeconds = 8;

  optional string name = 5;

  // Namespace is the namespace associated with the request (if any).
  // +optional
  optional string namespace = 6;

  // Operation is the operation being performed. This may be different than the operation
  // requested. e.g. a patch can result in either a CREATE or UPDATE Operation.
  optional string operation = 7;

  // UserInfo is information about the requesting user

  // re-acquire conflicting fields owned by other people.
  optional bool force = 2;

  // fieldManager is a name associated with the actor or entity
  // that is making these changes. The value must be less than or
  // 128 characters long, and only contain printable characters,
  // as defined by https://golang.org/pkg/unicode/#IsPrint. This
  // field is required.
  optional string fieldManager = 3;
}

of a collection of controllers. Per Kubernetes, "controllers are control loops that watch the state of your cluster, then make or request changes where needed."

In Istio, we use the term a bit more liberally. Istio controllers watch more than just the state of *a* cluster -- many are reading from multiple clusters, or even external sources (files and XDS). Generally, Kubernetes controllers are then writing state back to the cluster; Istio does have a few of these controllers, but most of...

      # Controls whether or not the untaint controller is active
      enabled: false
      # What namespace the untaint controller should watch for istio-cni pods. This is only required when istio-cni is running in a different namespace than istiod
      namespace: ""
    affinity: {}
    tolerations: []
    cpu:
      targetAverageUtilization: 80
    memory: {}
    # targetAverageUtilization: 80

				fmt.Fprintf(writer, "%s%s\n",
					printSpaces(initPrintNum+printLevel2), mismatch)
			}
		}

		return
	}

	if facts == 0 {
		// We printed nothing other than the name.  Print something.
		if len(vs.Spec.Http) > 0 {
			fmt.Fprintf(writer, "%s%d HTTP route(s)\n", printSpaces(initPrintNum+printLevel1), len(vs.Spec.Http))
		}
		if len(vs.Spec.Tcp) > 0 {

  // should be allowed by the policy. This field cannot be defined if the port field
  // is not defined or if the port field is defined as a named (string) port.
  // The endPort must be equal or greater than port.
  // +optional
  optional int32 endPort = 3;
}

// DEPRECATED 1.9 - This group version of NetworkPolicySpec is deprecated by networking/v1/NetworkPolicySpec.
message NetworkPolicySpec {

		resource.Namespace(ctx.Namespace()),
		resource.Namespace(ctx.IstioNamespace()),
		nil,
	)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	sa.AddRunningKubeSource(cli)
	cancel := make(chan struct{})
	result, err := sa.Analyze(cancel)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if result.Messages != nil {
		msgs = append(msgs, result.Messages...)
	}

	return msgs, nil
}

{{- else if .Values.cni.repair.deletePods }}
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["pods"]
    verbs: ["delete"]
{{- else if .Values.cni.repair.labelPods }}
  - apiGroups: [""]
    {{- /* pods/status is less privileged than the full pod, and either can label. So use the lower pods/status */}}
    resources: ["pods/status"]
    verbs: ["patch", "update"]
{{- end }}
{{- end }}
---
{{- if .Values.cni.ambient.enabled }}