MESSAGE_DIGEST_API() {
      @Override
      public byte[] hash(Algorithm algorithm, byte[] input) {
        MessageDigest md = algorithm.getMessageDigest();
        md.update(input);
        return md.digest();
      }
    },
    HASH_FUNCTION_DIRECT() {
      @Override
      public byte[] hash(Algorithm algorithm, byte[] input) {
        return algorithm.getHashFunction().hashBytes(input).asBytes();
      }
    },

  }

  // Ordering<Object> singletons

  /**
   * Returns an ordering which treats all values as equal, indicating "no ordering." Passing this
   * ordering to any <i>stable</i> sort algorithm results in no change to the order of elements.
   * Note especially that {@link #sortedCopy} and {@link #immutableSortedCopy} are stable, and in
   * the returned instance these are implemented by simply copying the source list.

   *     {@code toIndex > fromIndex}
   * @since 32.0.0
   */
  public static void rotate(short[] array, int distance, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
    // See Ints.rotate for more details about possible algorithms here.
    checkNotNull(array);
    checkPositionIndexes(fromIndex, toIndex, array.length);
    if (array.length <= 1) {
      return;
    }

    int length = toIndex - fromIndex;

   *
   * <p>If the character does not need to be escaped, this method should return {@code null}, rather
   * than an array containing the character representation of the code point. This enables the
   * escaping algorithm to perform more efficiently.
   *
   * <p>If the implementation of this method cannot correctly handle a particular code point then it
   * should either throw an appropriate runtime exception or return a suitable replacement

  int takeIndex;
  /** items index for next put, offer, or add. */
  int putIndex;
  /** Number of items in the queue */
  private int count;

  /*
   * Concurrency control uses the classic two-condition algorithm
   * found in any textbook.
   */

  /** Monitor guarding all access */
  final Monitor monitor;

  /** Guard for waiting takes */
  private final Monitor.Guard notEmpty;

  /** Guard for waiting puts */

   * once after loading completes). Much internal cache management is performed at the segment
   * granularity. For example, access queues and write queues are kept per segment when they are
   * required by the selected eviction algorithm. As such, when writing unit tests it is not
   * uncommon to specify {@code concurrencyLevel(1)} in order to achieve more deterministic eviction
   * behavior.
   *

   *     {@code toIndex > fromIndex}
   * @since 32.0.0
   */
  public static void rotate(long[] array, int distance, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
    // See Ints.rotate for more details about possible algorithms here.
    checkNotNull(array);
    checkPositionIndexes(fromIndex, toIndex, array.length);
    if (array.length <= 1) {
      return;
    }

    int length = toIndex - fromIndex;

        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
          keys[i] = rng.nextInt();
        }
        return createTreap(Ints.asList(keys));
      }

      // See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap for details on the algorithm.
      private Optional<BinaryNode> createTreap(List<Integer> keys) {
        if (keys.isEmpty()) {
          return Optional.absent();
        }
        int minIndex = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i < keys.size(); i++) {

     * and the arithmetic mean is always higher than the geometric mean.
     *
     * b) this iteration converges to floor(sqrt(x)). In fact, the number of correct digits doubles
     * with each iteration, so this algorithm takes O(log(digits)) iterations.
     *
     * We start out with a double-precision approximation, which may be higher or lower than the
     * true value. Therefore, we perform at least one Newton iteration to get a guess that's

import static java.lang.Long.rotateRight;

import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;

/**
 * Implementation of FarmHash Fingerprint64, an open-source fingerprinting algorithm for strings.
 *
 * <p>Its speed is comparable to CityHash64, and its quality of hashing is at least as good.
 *
 * <p>Note to maintainers: This implementation relies on signed arithmetic being bit-wise equivalent