ThumbnailGenerationException exception = new ThumbnailGenerationException("Test", new Exception());

        // The message and cause constructor uses normal super call, so stack trace should be available
        assertTrue(exception.getStackTrace().length > 0);
    }

    public void test_multipleNestedExceptions() {
        // Test with multiple nested exceptions

  val tagClass: Int,
  /** The tag this adapter expects, or -1 to match any tag. */
  val tag: Long,
  /** Encode and decode the value once tags are handled. */
  private val codec: Codec<T>,
  /** True if the default value should be used if this value is absent during decoding. */
  val isOptional: Boolean = false,
  /** The value to return if this value is absent. Undefined unless this is optional. */
  val defaultValue: T? = null,

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Objects;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * A map entry which forwards all its method calls to another map entry. Subclasses should override
 * one or more methods to modify the behavior of the backing map entry as desired per the <a
 * href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decorator_pattern">decorator pattern</a>.
 *

        byte[] buffer = new byte[50];
        int used = nullPathCmd.writeBytesWireFormat(buffer, 0);
        // Should write command byte + null terminator only
        assertEquals(2, used, "Null path should result in command byte + NUL");
        assertEquals(0x04, buffer[0] & 0xFF, "First byte must still be 0x04");
        assertEquals(0, buffer[1], "Second byte must be null terminator");

        URL url1 = new URL(null, "smb://host1/share1", handler);
        URL url2 = new URL(null, "smb://host2/share2", handler);

        // Both should use the same handler instance
        assertNotNull(url1);
        assertNotNull(url2);

        // Protocol should be consistent
        assertEquals(url1.getProtocol(), url2.getProtocol());
        assertEquals("smb", url1.getProtocol());
    }

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * A {@link BlockingDeque} which forwards all its method calls to another {@code BlockingDeque}.
 * Subclasses should override one or more methods to modify the behavior of the backing deque as
 * desired per the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decorator_pattern">decorator pattern</a>.
 *

   * listeners are also applicable to heavyweight functions passed to this method. (Specifically,
   * {@code directExecutor} functions should avoid heavyweight operations inside {@code
   * AsyncFunction.apply}. Any heavyweight operations should occur in other threads responsible for
   * completing the returned {@code Future}.)
   *

			testHeader{Header{
				Typeflag: TypeReg,
				Name:     "file",
				Uname:    strings.Repeat("long", 10),
				PAXRecords: map[string]string{
					"path":           "FILE", // Should be ignored
					"GNU.sparse.map": "0,0",  // Should be ignored
					"comment":        "Hello, 世界",
					"GOLANG.pkg":     "tar",
				},
			}, nil},
			testClose{nil},
		},
	}, {

        if (variableName == null) {
            String msg = "The value should not be null: variableName=null value=" + value;
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(msg);
        }
        if (value == null) {
            String msg = "The value should not be null: variableName=" + variableName;
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(msg);
        }
    }

        InvalidAccessTokenException exception1 = new InvalidAccessTokenException("Type", "Message");
        InvalidAccessTokenException exception2 = new InvalidAccessTokenException("Type", "Message");

        // Both instances should be of the same class
        assertEquals(exception1.getClass(), exception2.getClass());
    }

    public void test_stackTracePopulated() {
        // Test that stack trace is properly populated