```

/// note | Nota Técnica

También podrías usar `from starlette.requests import Request` y `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`.

**FastAPI** ofrece las mismas `starlette.responses` como `fastapi.responses` solo como una conveniencia para ti, el desarrollador. Pero la mayoría de los responses disponibles vienen directamente de Starlette. Lo mismo con `Request`.

///

    response = client.post("/tuple-of-models/", json=data)
    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text

    data = [{"x": 1, "y": 2}]
    response = client.post("/tuple-of-models/", json=data)
    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text


def test_tuple_form_valid():
    response = client.post("/tuple-form/", data={"values": ("1", "2")})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

It includes the `tags`, `parameters`, `requestBody`, `responses`, etc.

This *path operation*-specific OpenAPI schema is normally generated automatically by **FastAPI**, but you can also extend it.

/// tip

This is a low level extension point.

If you only need to declare additional responses, a more convenient way to do it is with [Additional Responses in OpenAPI](additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

///

    "servers": [{"url": "/subapi"}],
}


def test_openapi_schema_main():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == openapi_schema_main


def test_main():
    response = client.get("/app")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"message": "Hello World from main app"}


def test_openapi_schema_sub():

    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"item_id": "plumbus", "name": "The great Plumbus"}


def test_put_forbidden(client: TestClient):
    response = client.put(
        "/items/bar?token=jessica", headers={"X-Token": "fake-super-secret-token"}
    )
    assert response.status_code == 403, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "You can only update the item: plumbus"}

    route: Route?,
    response: Response,
  ): Request? {
    if (route == null) throw NullPointerException("route == null")
    responses += response
    routes += route
    if (!schemeMatches(response) || credential == null) return null
    val header =
      when (response.code) {
        407 -> "Proxy-Authorization"
        else -> "Authorization"
      }
    return response.request
      .newBuilder()

/// warning | 注意

上記の例のように `Response` を明示的に返す場合、それは直接返されます。

モデルなどはシリアライズされません。

必要なデータが含まれていることや、値が有効なJSONであること (`JSONResponse` を使う場合) を確認してください。

///

/// note | 技術詳細

`from starlette.responses import JSONResponse` を利用することもできます。

**FastAPI** は `fastapi.responses` と同じ `starlette.responses` を、開発者の利便性のために提供しています。しかし有効なレスポンスはほとんどStarletteから来ています。 `status` についても同じです。

///

from fastapi.responses import FileResponse
from pydantic import BaseModel


class Item(BaseModel):
    id: str
    value: str


responses = {
    404: {"description": "Item not found"},
    302: {"description": "The item was moved"},
    403: {"description": "Not enough privileges"},
}


app = FastAPI()


@app.get(
    "/items/{item_id}",
    response_model=Item,

        '400':
          $ref: '#/components/responses/BadRequest'
        '401':
          $ref: '#/components/responses/Unauthorized'
        '404':
          $ref: '#/components/responses/NotFound'
        '500':
          $ref: '#/components/responses/InternalServerError'

components:
  responses:
    BadRequest:
      description: Bad request
      content:

    assert response.headers["x-fastapi-item-id"] == "foo"


def test_patch():
    response = client.patch("/items/foo", json={"name": "Foo"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"item_id": "foo", "item": {"name": "Foo", "price": None}}


def test_trace():
    response = client.request("trace", "/items/foo")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text