from fastapi import Cookie, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Cookies(BaseModel):
    session_id: str
    fatebook_tracker: Union[str, None] = None
    googall_tracker: Union[str, None] = None


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(cookies: Annotated[Cookies, Cookie()]):

class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    *,
    item_id: int = Path(title="The ID of the item to get", ge=0, le=1000),
    q: Union[str, None] = None,
    item: Union[Item, None] = None,
):
    results = {"item_id": item_id}
    if q:

    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    full_name: Union[str, None] = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    *,
    item_id: int,
    item: Item,
    user: User,
    importance: Annotated[int, Body(gt=0)],
    q: Union[str, None] = None,
):

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get", ge=0, le=1000)],
    q: str | None = None,
    item: Item | None = None,
):
    results = {"item_id": item_id}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get", ge=0, le=1000)],
    q: Union[str, None] = None,
    item: Union[Item, None] = None,
):
    results = {"item_id": item_id}
    if q:

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Annotated[Item, Body(embed=True)]):
    results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item}

由于我们必须用 `Query(default=None)` 替换默认值 `None`，`Query` 的第一个参数同样也是用于定义默认值。

所以：

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None)
```

...使得参数可选，等同于：

```Python
q: str = None
```

但是 `Query` 显式地将其声明为查询参数。

然后，我们可以将更多的参数传递给 `Query`。在本例中，适用于字符串的 `max_length` 参数：

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, max_length=50)
```

@app.post("/optional-list-str", operation_id="optional_list_str")
async def read_optional_list_str(
    p: Annotated[Optional[list[str]], Body(embed=True)] = None,
):
    return {"p": p}


class BodyModelOptionalListStr(BaseModel):
    p: Optional[list[str]] = None


@app.post("/model-optional-list-str", operation_id="model_optional_list_str")
async def read_model_optional_list_str(p: BodyModelOptionalListStr):

app = FastAPI()


class UserIn(BaseModel):
    username: str
    password: str
    email: EmailStr
    full_name: Union[str, None] = None


class UserOut(BaseModel):
    username: str
    email: EmailStr
    full_name: Union[str, None] = None


@app.post("/user/", response_model=UserOut)
async def create_user(user: UserIn) -> Any:

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    item_id: int,
    item: Item = Body(
        examples=[
            {
                "name": "Foo",
                "description": "A very nice Item",