*
   * @param escaper the non-null escaper to test
   */
  public static void assertBasic(Escaper escaper) throws IOException {
    // Escapers operate on characters: no characters, no escaping.
    Assert.assertEquals("", escaper.escape(""));
    // Assert that escapers throw null pointer exceptions.
    try {
      escaper.escape((String) null);

                val >>>= 4;
            }
            size--;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Converts a long value to hexadecimal characters and writes them to the specified character array.
     *
     * @param val the long value to convert to hexadecimal characters
     * @param dst the destination character array to write the hex digits into
     * @param dstIndex the starting index in the destination array

 * 3 to 4 characters. This would allow:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>A full 32-bit offset for the String Pool (using 2 characters).
 *   <li>A full 16-bit child count (using the freed bits from the 4th character).
 * </ul>
 */
@GwtCompatible
public final class PublicSuffixTrie {

  /** Each node in the trie takes up 3 characters. */
  static final int NODE_SIZE = 3;

 * characters, and characters that already have another meaning in a particular context.
 *
 * Percent encoding is used in every URL component except for the hostname. But the set of
 * characters that need to be encoded is different for each component. For example, the path
 * component must escape all of its `?` characters, otherwise it could be interpreted as the

        assertEquals("", testImplementation.getFullUNCPath());
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test with special characters in paths")
    void testWithSpecialCharacters() {
        // Test path with spaces and special characters
        String specialPath = "/share/folder name/file with spaces & special!@#$%.txt";
        testImplementation.setPath(specialPath);

  @BeforeExperiment
  public void setUp() {
    // precalculate some random strings of ascii characters.
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    Random random = new Random(0xdeadbeef); // for unpredictable but reproducible behavior
    sb.ensureCapacity(size);
    for (int k = 0; k < size; k++) {
      // [9-127) includes all ascii non-control characters
      sb.append((char) (random.nextInt(127 - 9) + 9));
    }
    data = sb.toString();

import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * A readable source of characters, such as a text file. Unlike a {@link Reader}, a {@code
 * CharSource} is not an open, stateful stream of characters that can be read and closed. Instead,
 * it is an immutable <i>supplier</i> of {@code Reader} instances.
 *
 * <p>{@code CharSource} provides two kinds of methods:
 *

        // Execute the job
        String result = purgeDocJob.execute();

        // Assert deleteByQuery was called with special characters
        assertTrue(deleteByQueryCalled);
        assertEquals("fess.update-index$special%chars", deleteIndex);

        // Assert field name with special characters was used
        assertNotNull(deleteQuery);
        assertTrue(deleteQuery instanceof RangeQueryBuilder);

    // A surrogate pair defining a code point outside the safe range (but both
    // of the surrogate characters lie within the safe range). It is important
    // not to accidentally treat this as a sequence of safe characters.
    String unsafeInput = "\uDBFF\uDFFF"; // 0x10FFFF
    assertThat(surrogateEscaper.escape(unsafeInput)).isEqualTo("X");
  }

     *
     * @param ch the characters from the XML document
     * @param start the start position in the character array
     * @param length the number of characters to use from the character array
     * @throws SAXException if a SAX error occurs during character processing
     */
    @Override
    public void characters(final char[] ch, final int start, final int length) throws SAXException {