<dependencies>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>maven-test-default</groupId>
      <artifactId>scope-default</artifactId>
      <version>1.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>maven-test-default</groupId>
      <artifactId>scope-test</artifactId>
      <version>1.0</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>maven-test-default</groupId>

  <dependencies>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>maven-test-test</groupId>
      <artifactId>scope-default</artifactId>
      <version>1.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>maven-test-test</groupId>
      <artifactId>scope-test</artifactId>
      <version>1.0</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>maven-test-test</groupId>

We can do better...

## What makes a dependency { #what-makes-a-dependency }

Up to now you have seen dependencies declared as functions.

But that's not the only way to declare dependencies (although it would probably be the more common).

The key factor is that a dependency should be a "callable".

A "**callable**" in Python is anything that Python can "call" like a function.

            Map<String, Dependency> dependencies = new LinkedHashMap<>();

            DependencyManagement depMgmt = target.getDependencyManagement();

            if (depMgmt != null) {
                for (Dependency dependency : depMgmt.getDependencies()) {
                    dependencies.put(dependency.getManagementKey(), dependency);
                }
            } else {

         * aftereffects and bogus error messages.
         */
        List<Dependency> dependencies = model.getDependencies();
        Map<String, Dependency> normalized = new LinkedHashMap<>(dependencies.size() * 2);

        for (Dependency dependency : dependencies) {
            normalized.put(dependency.getManagementKey(), dependency);
        }

        if (dependencies.size() != normalized.size()) {

        return resolve(
                DependencyResolverRequest.build(session, DependencyResolverRequest.RequestType.RESOLVE, dependency));
    }

    @Nonnull
    default DependencyResolverResult resolve(
            @Nonnull Session session, @Nonnull DependencyCoordinates dependency, @Nonnull PathScope scope) {

        Artifact dependencyArtifact = factory.createDependencyArtifact(
                dependency.getGroupId(),
                dependency.getArtifactId(),
                versionRange,
                dependency.getType(),
                dependency.getClassifier(),
                effectiveScope,
                dependency.isOptional());

                        <dependencies>
                            <dependency>
                                <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
                                <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
                                <version>3.12.0</version>
                            </dependency>
                            <dependency>
                                <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>test</groupId>
                <artifactId>other</artifactId>
                <version>0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>bom</artifactId>

                                "The requested dependency version range '%s' does not specify an upper bound",
                                dependency.getVersion()),
                        dependency.getGroupId(),
                        dependency.getArtifactId(),
                        dependency.getVersion());
            }

            dependency.setVersion(versionRangeResult.getHighestVersion().toString());