// may change and break assumptions in this test [*]. This is not a bug in the implementation of
    // Ascii.equalsIgnoreCase(), but it is a signal that its documentation may need updating as
    // regards edge cases.

    // The Unicode point {@code 00df} is the lowercase form of sharp-S (ß), whose uppercase is "SS".
    assertEquals("PASSWORD", "pa\u00dfword".toUpperCase()); // [*]

You can also combine `dataclasses` with other type annotations to make nested data structures.

In some cases, you might still have to use Pydantic's version of `dataclasses`. For example, if you have errors with the automatically generated API documentation.

In that case, you can simply swap the standard `dataclasses` with `pydantic.dataclasses`, which is a drop-in replacement:

`app.add_middleware()` receives a middleware class as the first argument and any additional arguments to be passed to the middleware.

## Integrated middlewares { #integrated-middlewares }

**FastAPI** includes several middlewares for common use cases, we'll see next how to use them.

/// note | Technical Details

For the next examples, you could also use `from starlette.middleware.something import SomethingMiddleware`.

   * value} before proceeding with the {@link #put} operation. If the bimap previously contained the
   * provided key-value mapping, this method has no effect.
   *
   * <p>Note that a successful call to this method could cause the size of the bimap to increase by
   * one, stay the same, or even decrease by one.
   *
   * <p><b>Warning:</b> If an existing entry with this value is removed, the key for that entry is
   * discarded and not returned.

              return;
            }
          }
          // Remove the interrupt bit before each task. The interrupt is for the "current task" when
          // it is sent, so subsequent tasks in the queue should not be caused to be interrupted
          // by a previous one in the queue being interrupted.
          interruptedDuringTask |= Thread.interrupted();
          try {
            task.run();

		}
	}

	// Test cases for signature-V4.
	testCasesV4 := []struct {
		objectName         string
		data               []byte
		expectedHeaders    map[string]string
		expectedRespStatus int
		accessKey          string
		secretKey          string
		malformedBody      bool
	}{
		// Success case.
		{
			objectName:         "test",

is resilient and can automatically recover from some connectivity failures. In this case, the `connectFailed()` event is not terminal and not followed by `callFailed()`. Event listeners will receive multiple events of the same type when retries are attempted.

A single HTTP call may require follow-up requests to be made to handle authentication challenges, redirects, and HTTP-layer timeouts. In such cases multiple connections, requests, and responses may be attempted. Follow-ups are another...

  /*
   * AbstractCollection fails the retainAll(null) test when the subject
   * collection is empty, but we'd still like to test retainAll(null) when we
   * can. We split the test into empty and non-empty cases. This allows us to
   * suppress only the former.
   */

  @CollectionFeature.Require(SUPPORTS_REMOVE)
  @CollectionSize.Require(ZERO)
  public void testRetainAll_nullCollectionReferenceEmptySubject() {

  fun sendFrame(): Http2Writer {
    outFrames.add(OutFrame(frameCount++, bytesOut.size, false))
    return writer
  }

  /**
   * Shortens the last frame from its original length to `length`. This will cause the peer to
   * close the socket as soon as this frame has been written; otherwise the peer stays open until
   * explicitly closed.
   */
  fun truncateLastFrame(length: Int): Http2Writer {

            assertNotNull(response1);
            assertNotNull(response2);
            assertNotSame(response1, response2);
        }
    }

    @Nested
    @DisplayName("Edge Cases")
    class EdgeCases {

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should handle buffer boundary conditions")
        void testBufferBoundaryConditions() {
            // Minimum size buffer