checkArgument(
        result == (int) result,
        "the total number of elements (%s) in the arrays must fit in an int",
        result);
    return (int) result;
  }

  /**
   * Returns a big-endian representation of {@code value} in an 8-element byte array; equivalent to
   * {@code ByteBuffer.allocate(8).putLong(value).array()}. For example, the input value {@code

/**
 * Unit tests for {@link HashCode}.
 *
 * @author Dimitris Andreou
 * @author Kurt Alfred Kluever
 */
@NullUnmarked
public class HashCodeTest extends TestCase {
  // note: asInt(), asLong() are in little endian
  private static final ImmutableList<ExpectedHashCode> expectedHashCodes =
      ImmutableList.of(
          new ExpectedHashCode(
              new byte[] {
                (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0xcd, (byte) 0xab, (byte) 0x89,

func (p *parser) parseNumeric(b []byte) int64 {
	// Check for base-256 (binary) format first.
	// If the first bit is set, then all following bits constitute a two's
	// complement encoded number in big-endian byte order.
	if len(b) > 0 && b[0]&0x80 != 0 {
		// Handling negative numbers relies on the following identity:
		//	-a-1 == ^a
		//
		// If the number is negative, we use an inversion mask to invert the

    private static byte[] buildHeader(int status) {
        byte[] hdr = new byte[64]; // SMB2 header is 64 bytes
        System.arraycopy(SMBUtil.SMB2_HEADER, 0, hdr, 0, 64);
        // Write Status (little-endian) at offset 8 in the SMB2 header
        SMBUtil.writeInt4(status, hdr, 8);
        // Write Command = SMB2_IOCTL (0x000B) at offset 12
        SMBUtil.writeInt2(0x000B, hdr, 12);

        assertEquals((byte) 'S', SMBUtil.SMB2_HEADER[1]);
        assertEquals((byte) 'M', SMBUtil.SMB2_HEADER[2]);
        assertEquals((byte) 'B', SMBUtil.SMB2_HEADER[3]);

        // Verify structure size (64 in little-endian)
        assertEquals((byte) 64, SMBUtil.SMB2_HEADER[4]);
        assertEquals((byte) 0x00, SMBUtil.SMB2_HEADER[5]);
    }

    @ParameterizedTest

        writeLittleEndianInt(dos, 0); // unusedChars
        writeLittleEndianInt(dos, totalChars); // usedChars

        // Write the actual characters (as shorts in little-endian)
        for (char c : testString.toCharArray()) {
            writeLittleEndianShort(dos, (short) c);
        }

        ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(baos.toByteArray());

        DummyResponse d = new DummyResponse();
        // Construct a minimal wire format buffer
        byte[] buf = new byte[32];
        int idx = 0;
        // Write values little-endian
        buf[idx++] = 5; // totalParameterCount low byte
        buf[idx++] = 0; // totalParameterCount high byte -> value 5
        buf[idx++] = 3; // totalDataCount low
        buf[idx++] = 0; // totalDataCount high

        assertEquals(4, bytesWritten);
        assertEquals(SmbComTransaction.TRANS_PEEK_NAMED_PIPE, buffer[offset]);
        assertEquals((byte) 0x00, buffer[offset + 1]);

        // Verify FID is written correctly (little-endian)
        int writtenFid = SMBUtil.readInt2(buffer, offset + 2);
        assertEquals(TEST_FID, writtenFid);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("writeSetupWireFormat should handle buffer boundary")

        @DisplayName("Should handle signed byte value correctly")
        void testReadBytesWireFormatSignedByteValue() {
            // Given
            byte[] buffer = new byte[10];
            // Write 4 in little-endian format
            buffer[0] = 0x04;
            buffer[1] = 0x00;

            // When & Then
            assertDoesNotThrow(() -> {
                int bytesRead = response.readBytesWireFormat(buffer, 0);

  public void writeTo(OutputStream out) throws IOException {
    // Serial form:
    // 1 signed byte for the strategy
    // 1 unsigned byte for the number of hash functions
    // 1 big endian int, the number of longs in our bitset
    // N big endian longs of our bitset
    DataOutputStream dout = new DataOutputStream(out);
    dout.writeByte(SignedBytes.checkedCast(strategy.ordinal()));