// format byte + path + null terminator
        byte[] expected = new byte[1 + dirName.length() + 1];
        expected[0] = 0x04; // buffer format
        System.arraycopy(dirName.getBytes(), 0, expected, 1, dirName.length());
        expected[dirName.length() + 1] = 0x00; // null terminator

        byte[] dst = new byte[100];
        int len = sdd.writeBytesWireFormat(dst, 0);

    class ToStringTests {

        @ParameterizedTest
        @DisplayName("Should format command name correctly")
        @ValueSource(shorts = { 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F, 0x10, 0x11,
                0x12 })
        void testToStringCommandNames(short command) {
            testMessage.setCommand(command);

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    static final Name UNKNOWN_NAME = new Name("0.0.0.0", 0x00, null);
    static final NbtAddress UNKNOWN_ADDRESS = new NbtAddress(UNKNOWN_NAME, 0, false, B_NODE);
    static final byte[] UNKNOWN_MAC_ADDRESS = { (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00 };

    static final class CacheEntry {
        Name hostName;
        NbtAddress address;

        // 2 bytes for fileAttributes, 4 bytes for lastWriteTime, 4 bytes for fileSize
        byte[] buffer = new byte[20];
        // File Attributes: 0x0010 (Directory)
        buffer[0] = 0x10;
        buffer[1] = 0x00;
        // Last Write Time (UTime): A sample timestamp in milliseconds
        long sampleTimeMillis = 1672531200000L; // Represents a specific date in milliseconds

            dstIndex++;
            dst[dstIndex++] = (byte) 0x00; // Reserved1
            SMBUtil.writeInt2(this.tflags, dst, dstIndex);
            dstIndex += 2;
            SMBUtil.writeInt4(this.timeout, dst, dstIndex);
            dstIndex += 4;
            dst[dstIndex++] = (byte) 0x00; // Reserved2
            dst[dstIndex++] = (byte) 0x00;
        }
        SMBUtil.writeInt2(this.parameterCount, dst, dstIndex);

    void byteArrayConstructor_malformedDER_throwsWrapped() {
        // Arrange: Truncated SEQUENCE (0x30 len=2 but only 1 byte of content)
        byte[] malformed = new byte[] { 0x30, 0x02, 0x01 };

        // Act + Assert
        PACDecodingException ex = assertThrows(PACDecodingException.class, () -> new KerberosApRequest(malformed, null));

            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, // NextCommand
            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, // MessageId
            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, // Reserved / AsyncId
            (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, // TreeId / AsyncId

		file: "testdata/gnu.tar",
		headers: []*Header{{
			Name:     "small.txt",
			Mode:     0640,
			Uid:      73025,
			Gid:      5000,
			Size:     5,
			ModTime:  time.Unix(1244428340, 0),
			Typeflag: '0',
			Uname:    "dsymonds",
			Gname:    "eng",
			Format:   FormatGNU,
		}, {
			Name:     "small2.txt",
			Mode:     0640,
			Uid:      73025,
			Gid:      5000,
			Size:     11,

	}{{
		"USTAR",
		[]file{{
			&Header{Name: "bar", Mode: 0640, Size: int64(3)},
			[]byte("foo"),
		}, {
			&Header{Name: "world", Mode: 0640, Size: int64(5)},
			[]byte("hello"),
		}},
	}, {
		"GNU",
		[]file{{
			&Header{Name: "bar", Mode: 0640, Size: int64(3), Devmajor: -1},
			[]byte("foo"),
		}, {
			&Header{Name: "world", Mode: 0640, Size: int64(5), Devmajor: -1},
			[]byte("hello"),
		}},