Use the `TestClient` object the same way as you do with `httpx`.

Write simple `assert` statements with the standard Python expressions that you need to check (again, standard `pytest`).

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py hl[2,12,15:18] *}

/// tip

Notice that the testing functions are normal `def`, not `async def`.

    fun Response.hasVaryAll(): Boolean = "*" in headers.varyFields()

    /**
     * Returns the names of the request headers that need to be checked for equality when caching.
     */
    private fun Headers.varyFields(): Set<String> {
      var result: MutableSet<String>? = null
      for (i in 0 until size) {

	assumeRole          = "AssumeRole"

	stsRequestBodyLimit = 10 * (1 << 20) // 10 MiB

	// JWT claim keys
	expClaim = "exp"
	subClaim = "sub"
	audClaim = "aud"
	issClaim = "iss"

	// JWT claim to check the parent user
	parentClaim = "parent"

	// LDAP claim keys
	ldapUser       = "ldapUser"       // this is a key name for a normalized DN value
	ldapActualUser = "ldapActualUser" // this is a key name for the actual DN value

#ifdef __cplusplus
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/status.h"

// Macro to verify that the field `struct_size` of STRUCT_OBJ is initialized.
// `struct_size` is used for struct member compatibility check between core TF
// and plug-ins with the same C API minor version. More info here:
// https://github.com/tensorflow/community/blob/master/rfcs/20200612-stream-executor-c-api/C_API_versioning_strategy.md

        response.contentType()?.parameter("boundary")
          ?: throw ProtocolException("expected the Content-Type to have a boundary parameter"),
    )

    @Throws(IOException::class)
    fun nextPart(): Part? {
      check(!closed) { "closed" }

      if (noMoreParts) return null

      // Read a boundary, skipping the remainder of the preceding part as necessary.
      if (partCount == 0 && source.rangeEquals(0L, dashDashBoundary)) {

        lock.lock();
        try {
          toReturn = initializeOrUpdateCancellationDelegate(schedule);
        } catch (Throwable e) {
          // Any Exception is either a RuntimeException or sneaky checked exception.
          //
          // If an exception is thrown by the subclass then we need to make sure that the service
          // notices and transitions to the FAILED state. We do it by calling notifyFailed directly

- On finding the user's info, MinIO verifies the login credentials with the AD/LDAP server.
- MinIO optionally queries the AD/LDAP server for a list of groups that the user is a member of.
- MinIO then checks if there are any policies [explicitly associated](#managing-usergroup-access-policy) with the user or their groups.

        authenticator.parseJwtClaim(jwtClaim, attributes);

        // Verify
        assertEquals("1234567890", attributes.get("sub"));
        assertEquals("John Doe", attributes.get("name"));

        // Check groups array
        final String[] groups = DocumentUtil.getValue(attributes, "groups", String[].class);
        assertArrayEquals(new String[] { "group1", "group2" }, groups);

    @Test
    void testRetainPayload() {
        // Initially, retainPayload should be false
        assertFalse(message.isRetainPayload(), "isRetainPayload should be false initially");

        // Call retainPayload and check if it becomes true
        message.retainPayload();
        assertTrue(message.isRetainPayload(), "isRetainPayload should be true after calling retainPayload");
    }

    @Test
    void testSetAndGetRawPayload() {

    Function<String, @Nullable Integer> function = Functions.forMap(map, null);

    assertEquals((Integer) 1, function.apply("One"));
    assertNull(function.apply("Two"));

    // check basic sanity of equals and hashCode
    new EqualsTester()
        .addEqualityGroup(function)
        .addEqualityGroup(Functions.forMap(map, 1))
        .testEquals();
  }

  @J2ktIncompatible