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Your API almost always has to send a **response** body. But clients don't necessarily need to send **request bodies** all the time, sometimes they only request a path, maybe with some query parameters, but don't send a body.

To declare a **request** body, you use <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic</a> models with all their power and benefits.

/// info

      return;
    }

    /*
     * Any of the setException() calls below can fail if the output Future is cancelled between now
     * and then. This means that we're silently swallowing an exception -- maybe even an Error. But
     * this is no worse than what FutureTask does in that situation. Additionally, because the
     * Future was cancelled, its listeners have been run, so its consumers will not hang.
     *

There's also the chance that for some reason you have a **spike** of usage of your API. Maybe it went viral, or maybe some other services or bots start using it. And you might want to have extra resources to be safe in those cases.

If the client tries to go to `/items`, by default, it would be redirected to `/items/`.

But before setting the *CLI Option* `--forwarded-allow-ips` it could redirect to `http://localhost:8000/items/`.

But maybe your application is hosted at `https://mysuperapp.com`, and the redirection should be to `https://mysuperapp.com/items/`.

By setting `--proxy-headers` now FastAPI would be able to redirect to the right location. 😎

```

	// This does not cover STAR extensions to the PAX format; these fall under
	// the PAX format.
	formatSTAR

	formatMax
)

func (f Format) has(f2 Format) bool   { return f&f2 != 0 }
func (f *Format) mayBe(f2 Format)     { *f |= f2 }
func (f *Format) mayOnlyBe(f2 Format) { *f &= f2 }
func (f *Format) mustNotBe(f2 Format) { *f &^= f2 }

var formatNames = map[Format]string{

            // Simulate partial copy where not all requested bytes were copied
            byte[] buffer = createValidCopyChunkResponse(3, // Only 3 chunks written (maybe less than requested)
                    65536, // 64KB per chunk
                    196608 // 192KB total (3 * 64KB)
            );

            int bytesDecoded = response.decode(buffer, 0, buffer.length);

    HashTestUtils.assertInvariants(Hashing.fingerprint2011());
    assertEquals("Hashing.fingerprint2011()", Hashing.fingerprint2011().toString());
  }

  @AndroidIncompatible // slow TODO(cpovirk): Maybe just reduce iterations under Android.
  public void testGoodFastHash() {
    for (int i = 1; i < 200; i += 17) {
      HashFunction hasher = Hashing.goodFastHash(i);
      assertTrue(hasher.bits() >= i);

Then we can test that it is used.

## Reading a `.env` file { #reading-a-env-file }

If you have many settings that possibly change a lot, maybe in different environments, it might be useful to put them on a file and then read them from it as if they were environment variables.

	// The total count of all versions of this object
	NumVersions int
	//  The modtime of the successor object version if any
	SuccessorModTime time.Time

	// Checksums added on upload.
	// Encoded, maybe encrypted.
	Checksum []byte

	// Inlined
	Inlined bool

	DataBlocks   int
	ParityBlocks int
}

// ExpiresStr returns a stringified version of Expires header in http.TimeFormat