/// tip

Pydantic یه رفتار خاص داره وقتی از `Optional` یا `Union[Something, None]` بدون مقدار پیش‌فرض استفاده می‌کنی، می‌تونی توی مستندات Pydantic در مورد <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.3/usage/models/#required-fields" class="external-link" target="_blank">فیلدهای اختیاری لازم</a> بیشتر بخونی.

///

## نوع‌نماها با Annotationهای متادیتا

                byte[] uniBytes = Strings.getUNIBytes(original);
                String uniRoundTrip = Strings.fromUNIBytes(uniBytes, 0, uniBytes.length);

                // When - round trip through ASCII encoding (for ASCII-safe strings)
                if (original.chars().allMatch(c -> c < 128)) {
                    byte[] asciiBytes = Strings.getASCIIBytes(original);

    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue. The returned array elements are
   * in no particular order.
   *
   * <p>The returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it are maintained by this queue.
   * (In other words, this method must allocate a new array). The caller is thus free to modify the
   * returned array.
   *

   * values.
   *
   * <p>Elements are copied from the argument collection as if by {@code collection.toArray()}.
   * Calling this method is as thread-safe as calling that method.
   *
   * <p><b>Note:</b> consider representing the collection as a {@link java.util.BitSet} instead.
   *
   * @param collection a collection of {@code Boolean} objects

   * values.
   *
   * <p>Elements are copied from the argument collection as if by {@code collection.toArray()}.
   * Calling this method is as thread-safe as calling that method.
   *
   * <p><b>Note:</b> consider representing the collection as a {@link java.util.BitSet} instead.
   *
   * @param collection a collection of {@code Boolean} objects

    private static ClassOwnership detectJvmBehavior() {
      class LocalClass<T> {}
      Class<?> subclass = new LocalClass<String>() {}.getClass();
      // requireNonNull is safe because we're examining a type that's known to have a superclass.
      ParameterizedType parameterizedType =
          requireNonNull((ParameterizedType) subclass.getGenericSuperclass());

// DISTRIBUTING THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS DERIVATIVES.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS NOT DESIGNED OR INTENDED FOR USE OR RESALE AS ON-LINE
// CONTROL EQUIPMENT IN HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS REQUIRING FAIL-SAFE
// PERFORMANCE, SUCH AS IN THE OPERATION OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES, AIRCRAFT
// NAVIGATION OR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL, DIRECT LIFE
// SUPPORT MACHINES, OR WEAPONS SYSTEMS, IN WHICH THE FAILURE OF THE

            return OptionalThing.of(key.toString());
        }
        return OptionalThing.empty();
    }

    /**
     * Escapes special characters in a value string for safe logging.
     *
     * @param action the string value to escape
     * @return the escaped string with tabs replaced by spaces
     */
    protected String escapeValue(final String action) {

    /**
     * Thread priority for crawler threads.
     * Defaults to normal thread priority.
     */
    protected int crawlerPriority = Thread.NORM_PRIORITY;

    /**
     * Thread-safe list of active data crawling threads.
     * Used to track and manage all currently running crawler threads.
     */

 * ever be considered dead, and no DeadEvents will be generated. Accordingly, while DeadEvent
 * extends {@link Object}, a subscriber registered to receive any Object will never receive a
 * DeadEvent.
 *
 * <p>This class is safe for concurrent use.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a
 * href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/EventBusExplained">{@code EventBus}</a>.
 *
 * @author Cliff Biffle
 * @since 10.0
 */