* the end).
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code n < 0}
   */
  public static BigInteger factorial(int n) {
    checkNonNegative("n", n);

    // If the factorial is small enough, just use LongMath to do it.
    if (n < LongMath.factorials.length) {
      return BigInteger.valueOf(LongMath.factorials[n]);
    }

    // Pre-allocate space for our list of intermediate BigIntegers.

```

## Using the same dependency multiple times

If one of your dependencies is declared multiple times for the same *path operation*, for example, multiple dependencies have a common sub-dependency, **FastAPI** will know to call that sub-dependency only once per request.

// An Update function must be set to provide an updated value when needed.
type Cache[T any] struct {
	// updateFn must return an updated value.
	// If an error is returned the cached value is not set.
	// Only one caller will call this function at any time, others will be blocking.
	// The returned value can no longer be modified once returned.
	// Should be set before calling Get().
	updateFn func(ctx context.Context) (T, error)

	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer a.CloseRespFn(resp.Body)

	return nil
}

// UnmarshalJSON - decodes JSON data.
func (a *Args) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
	// subtype to avoid recursive call to UnmarshalJSON()
	type subArgs Args
	var so subArgs

	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &so); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	oa := Args(so)
	if oa.URL == nil || oa.URL.String() == "" {
		*a = oa

  that provide new subcommands. Refer to the documentation for more information.

- `kubectl rollout` and `rollback` now support StatefulSet.

- `kubectl scale` now uses the Scale subresource for kinds in the apps/v1beta2 group.

- `kubectl create configmap` and `kubectl create secret` subcommands now support
  the `--append-hash` flag, which enables unique but deterministic naming for

    Set<String> n12EdgesConnecting = network.edgesConnecting(N1, N2);
    assertThat(networkAsMutableNetwork.removeNode(N1)).isTrue();

    // The choice of the size() method to call here is arbitrary.  We assume that if any of the Set
    // methods executes the validation check, they all will, and thus we only need to test one of

$ python main.py

// As we didn't set the env var, we get the default value

Hello World from Python

// But if we create an environment variable first
$ export MY_NAME="Wade Wilson"

// And then call the program again
$ python main.py

// Now it can read the environment variable

Hello Wade Wilson from Python
```

</div>

   * @return the same value cast to {@code char} if it is in the range of the {@code char} type,
   *     {@link Character#MAX_VALUE} if it is too large, or {@link Character#MIN_VALUE} if it is too
   *     small
   */
  public static char saturatedCast(long value) {
    if (value > Character.MAX_VALUE) {
      return Character.MAX_VALUE;
    }
    if (value < Character.MIN_VALUE) {
      return Character.MIN_VALUE;
    }

   * @param value any {@code long} value
   * @return the same value cast to {@code short} if it is in the range of the {@code short} type,
   *     {@link Short#MAX_VALUE} if it is too large, or {@link Short#MIN_VALUE} if it is too small
   */
  public static short saturatedCast(long value) {
    if (value > Short.MAX_VALUE) {
      return Short.MAX_VALUE;
    }
    if (value < Short.MIN_VALUE) {
      return Short.MIN_VALUE;
    }

   * @param value any {@code long} value
   * @return the same value cast to {@code short} if it is in the range of the {@code short} type,
   *     {@link Short#MAX_VALUE} if it is too large, or {@link Short#MIN_VALUE} if it is too small
   */
  public static short saturatedCast(long value) {
    if (value > Short.MAX_VALUE) {
      return Short.MAX_VALUE;
    }
    if (value < Short.MIN_VALUE) {
      return Short.MIN_VALUE;
    }