Você pode fazer isso usando o <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/validators/#field-after-validator" class="external-link" target="_blank">`AfterValidator` do Pydantic</a> dentro de `Annotated`.

/// tip | Dica

O Pydantic também tem <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/validators/#field-before-validator" class="external-link" target="_blank">`BeforeValidator`</a> e outros. 🤓

///

Thanks to <a href="https://www.starlette.dev/testclient/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette</a>, testing **FastAPI** applications is easy and enjoyable.

It is based on <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a>, which in turn is designed based on Requests, so it's very familiar and intuitive.

With it, you can use <a href="https://docs.pytest.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">pytest</a> directly with **FastAPI**.

Aquí veremos un ejemplo usando <a href="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">SQLModel</a>.

Para distinguir entre los modelos con todos los valores opcionales para **actualizaciones** y modelos con valores requeridos para **creación**, puedes utilizar las ideas descritas en [Modelos Extra](extra-models.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

* Automatic data model documentation with <a href="https://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>JSON Schema</strong></a> (as...

Guillaume Nodet <******@****.***> 1729859506 +0200

import okhttp3.Call
import okhttp3.Connection
import okhttp3.Route
import okio.IOException

/**
 * Listener for connection events. Extend this class to monitor the new connections and closes.
 *
 * All event methods must execute fast, without external locking, cannot throw exceptions,
 * attempt to mutate the event parameters, or be reentrant back into the client.

### Sous-dépendances

Vous pouvez avoir de multiples dépendances et sous-dépendances dépendant les unes des autres (en tant que paramètres de la définition de la *fonction de chemin*), certaines créées avec `async def` et d'autres avec `def`. Cela fonctionnerait aussi, et celles définies avec un simple `def` seraient exécutées sur un thread externe (venant de la threadpool) plutôt que d'être "attendues".

* <a href="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Externer Link</a>
* <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/styles.css" class="external-link" target="_blank">Link zu einem Stil</a>
* <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/logic.js" class="external-link" target="_blank">Link zu einem Skript</a>
* <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/foo.jpg" class="external-link" target="_blank">Link zu einem Bild</a>

</div>

/// tip | Dica

Você pode ler mais sobre isso em <a href="https://12factor.net/config" class="external-link" target="_blank">The Twelve-Factor App: Config</a>.

///

## Tipos e Validação { #types-and-validation }