// Decode
        FileRenameInformation2 decoded = new FileRenameInformation2();
        int bytesRead = decoded.decode(buffer, 0, bytesWritten);

        // Verify round trip
        assertEquals(bytesWritten, bytesRead);
        assertEquals(original.size(), decoded.size());
        assertEquals(original.getFileInformationLevel(), decoded.getFileInformationLevel());
    }

    @Test

        // create a new empty range and decode
        LockingAndXRange decoded = new LockingAndXRange(false);
        int decodedSize = decoded.decode(dst, 0, dst.length);
        assertEquals(10, decodedSize, "Decode should return size 10");
        assertEquals(99, decoded.getPid());
        assertEquals(123456L, decoded.getByteOffset());
        assertEquals(654321L, decoded.getLengthInBytes());
    }

        int decoded = resp.decode(buf, headerStart);
        assertTrue(decoded > 0, "Decode should return positive length");

        assertEquals(NtStatus.NT_STATUS_MORE_PROCESSING_REQUIRED, resp.getStatus());
        assertArrayEquals(blob, resp.getBlob(), "Security blob should match");
        assertEquals(sessionFlags, resp.getSessionFlags(), "Session flags should decode");

        // Decode from buffer
        NdrBuffer decodeBuffer = new NdrBuffer(buffer, 0);
        lsarpc.LsarTranslatedName decodedName = new lsarpc.LsarTranslatedName();
        decodedName.decode(decodeBuffer);

        // Verify the decoded data matches
        assertEquals(translatedName.sid_type, decodedName.sid_type);

/**
 * Interface for objects that can be decoded from a byte buffer.
 * This interface provides methods for deserializing data from SMB protocol messages.
 *
 * @author mbechler
 */
public interface Decodable {

    /**
     * Decode data from a byte buffer
     *
     * @param buffer the byte buffer containing the data to decode
     * @param bufferIndex the starting index in the buffer

        ns.encode(buf);

        // Reset buffer to start for decoding
        buf.reset();

        // Prepare a new object to decode into
        NdrShort decoded = new NdrShort(0);
        decoded.decode(buf);
        assertEquals(123, decoded.value, "decoded value should equal original");
    }

    /**
     * Verify that encode invokes NdrBuffer.enc_ndr_short via a mocked
     * (spied) buffer.
     */

            int decoded = decodedContext.decode(buffer, 0, encoded);

            assertEquals(encoded, decoded);
            assertArrayEquals(originalHashAlgos, decodedContext.getHashAlgos());
            assertArrayEquals(originalSalt, decodedContext.getSalt());
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should encode and decode correctly with multiple hash algorithms and large salt")

    }
  }

  private static void testEncoding(BaseEncoding encoding, String decoded, String encoded) {
    testEncodes(encoding, decoded, encoded);
    testDecodes(encoding, encoded, decoded);
  }

  private static void testEncodes(BaseEncoding encoding, String decoded, String encoded) {
    assertThat(encoding.encode(decoded.getBytes(UTF_8))).isEqualTo(encoded);
  }

  private static void testEncodesWithOffset(

        List<AvPair> pairs = AvPairs.decode(fullData);

        assertNotNull(pairs, "Decoded pairs should not be null");
        assertEquals(1, pairs.size(), "Should have decoded one pair");

        AvPair pair = pairs.get(0);
        assertEquals(AvPair.MsvAvFlags, pair.getType(), "Pair type should be MsvAvFlags");
        assertTrue(pair instanceof AvFlags, "Should be decoded as AvFlags");

        // Byte count (2 bytes)
        buffer[53] = 0x00;
        buffer[54] = 0x00;

        // Test decode
        int bytesDecoded = response.decode(buffer, 0);

        // Should decode at least the header
        assertTrue(bytesDecoded > 0);

        // Verify the command was decoded correctly
        assertEquals(ServerMessageBlock.SMB_COM_TRANSACTION2, response.getCommand());
    }

    @Test