But doing that, in some minutes or hours the attackers would have guessed the correct username and password, with the "help" of our application, just using the time taken to answer.

#### Fix it with `secrets.compare_digest()` { #fix-it-with-secrets-compare-digest }

But in our code we are actually using `secrets.compare_digest()`.

 * The {@code IdnDnsResolver} class implements the {@code DnsResolver} interface
 * to provide DNS resolution with support for Internationalized Domain Names (IDN).
 * It converts Unicode domain names to ASCII Compatible Encoding (ACE) using the
 * {@link java.net.IDN} class.
 *
 * <p>This class allows setting a custom flag for the IDN conversion and a custom
 * encoding for URL decoding.</p>
 *
 * <p>Example usage:</p>
 * <pre>
 * {@code

    if (b1 < 0) {
      throw new EOFException();
    }

    return b1;
  }

  /**
   * Reads an unsigned {@code short} as specified by {@link DataInputStream#readUnsignedShort()},
   * except using little-endian byte order.
   *
   * @return the next two bytes of the input stream, interpreted as an unsigned 16-bit integer in
   *     little-endian byte order
   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
   */

![Grafana](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/minio/minio/master/docs/metrics/prometheus/grafana/replication/grafana-replication-node.png)

| [**AD/LDAP**](https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/sts/ldap.md)             | Let AD/LDAP users request temporary credentials using AD/LDAP username and password.                                                          |

```Python hl_lines="1  4"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009b_py39.py!}
```

////

#### Using `Union` or `Optional` { #using-union-or-optional }

If you are using a Python version below 3.10, here's a tip from my very **subjective** point of view:

* 🚨 Avoid using `Optional[SomeType]`
* Instead ✨ **use `Union[SomeType, None]`** ✨.

But there are several cases in which you might benefit from using `UploadFile`.

## File Parameters with `UploadFile` { #file-parameters-with-uploadfile }

Define a file parameter with a type of `UploadFile`:

{* ../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_an_py39.py hl[14] *}

Using `UploadFile` has several advantages over `bytes`:

            .createTestSuite());

    suite.addTest(
        MultisetTestSuiteBuilder.using(unionGenerator())
            .withFeatures(CollectionSize.ANY, CollectionFeature.ALLOWS_NULL_VALUES)
            .named("Multisets.union")
            .createTestSuite());

    suite.addTest(
        MultisetTestSuiteBuilder.using(intersectionGenerator())
            .withFeatures(
                CollectionSize.ANY,

requests**, sending the **decrypted HTTP requests** to the actual HTTP application running in the same server (the **FastAPI** application, in this case), take the **HTTP response** from the application, **encrypt it** using the appropriate **HTTPS certificate** and sending it back to the client using **HTTPS**. This server is often called a **<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLS_termination_proxy" class="external-link" target="_blank">TLS Termination Proxy</a>**.

Some of the options you could...

# Additional Status Codes { #additional-status-codes }

By default, **FastAPI** will return the responses using a `JSONResponse`, putting the content you return from your *path operation* inside of that `JSONResponse`.

It will use the default status code or the one you set in your *path operation*.

## Additional status codes { #additional-status-codes_1 }