A **request** body is data sent by the client to your API. A **response** body is the data your API sends to the client.

Your API almost always has to send a **response** body. But clients don't necessarily need to send **request bodies** all the time, sometimes they only request a path, maybe with some query parameters, but don't send a body.

    checkNotNull(range);
    checkNotNull(domain);
    Range<C> effectiveRange = range;
    try {
      if (!range.hasLowerBound()) {
        effectiveRange = effectiveRange.intersection(Range.atLeast(domain.minValue()));
      }
      if (!range.hasUpperBound()) {
        effectiveRange = effectiveRange.intersection(Range.atMost(domain.maxValue()));
      }
    } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {

      Ordering.<Integer>natural().<Integer>nullsFirst();

  private static final List<@Nullable Integer> IN_ORDER_VALUES =
      unmodifiableList(Arrays.<@Nullable Integer>asList(null, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5));

  public void testCreateEmptyRangeFails() {
    for (BoundType lboundType : BoundType.values()) {
      for (BoundType uboundType : BoundType.values()) {
        assertThrows(

The MinIO Security Token Service (STS) is an endpoint service that enables clients to request temporary credentials for MinIO resources. Temporary credentials work almost identically to default admin credentials, with some differences:

   *
   * <p><b>Note:</b> It is often preferable to represent your data using a collection type, for
   * example using {@link Arrays#asList(Object[])}, making this method unnecessary.
   *
   * <p>The {@code Iterable} equivalent of this method is either {@link Arrays#asList(Object[])},
   * {@link ImmutableList#copyOf(Object[])}}, or {@link ImmutableList#of}.
   */
  @SafeVarargs

 * the License.
 */

package com.google.common.base;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
import static java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList;
import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;

            return out.toByteArray();
          }
        };

    File asciiFile = getTestFile("ascii.txt");
    byte[] result = Files.readBytes(asciiFile, processor);
    assertEquals(Bytes.asList(Files.toByteArray(asciiFile)), Bytes.asList(result));
  }

  public void testReadBytes_returnFalse() throws IOException {
    ByteProcessor<byte[]> processor =
        new ByteProcessor<byte[]>() {

  @GwtIncompatible // NavigableSet
  @Override
  public UnmodifiableIterator<E> descendingIterator() {
    return elements.reverse().iterator();
  }

  @Override
  public Spliterator<E> spliterator() {
    return asList().spliterator();
  }

  @Override
  public void forEach(Consumer<? super E> action) {
    elements.forEach(action);
  }

  @Override
  public int size() {
    return elements.size();
  }

    } else {
      assertThat(defaultComparator).isEqualTo(UnsignedBytes.lexicographicalComparatorJavaImpl());
    }
  }

  public void testLexicographicalComparator() {
    List<byte[]> ordered =
        Arrays.asList(
            new byte[] {},
            new byte[] {LEAST},
            new byte[] {LEAST, LEAST},
            new byte[] {LEAST, (byte) 1},
            new byte[] {(byte) 1},

By the spec, you should return a JSON with an `access_token` and a `token_type`, the same as in this example.

This is something that you have to do yourself in your code, and make sure you use those JSON keys.

It's almost the only thing that you have to remember to do correctly yourself, to be compliant with the specifications.

For the rest, **FastAPI** handles it for you.

///