# WebSockets

您可以在 **FastAPI** 中使用 [WebSockets](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebSockets_API)。

## 安装 `WebSockets`

首先，您需要安装 `WebSockets`：

```console
$ pip install websockets

---> 100%
```

## WebSockets 客户端

### 在生产环境中

在您的生产系统中，您可能使用现代框架（如React、Vue.js或Angular）创建了一个前端。

要使用 WebSockets 与后端进行通信，您可能会使用前端的工具。

或者，您可能有一个原生移动应用程序，直接使用原生代码与 WebSocket 后端通信。

或者，您可能有其他与 WebSocket 终端通信的方式。

/// tip | Tipp

Um mehr über die einzelnen Statuscodes zu erfahren und welcher wofür verwendet wird, sehen Sie sich die <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status" class="external-link" target="_blank"><abbr title="Mozilla Developer Network – Mozilla-Entwicklernetzwerk">MDN</abbr> Dokumentation über HTTP-Statuscodes</a> an.

///

/// tip | Подсказка

Чтобы узнать больше о HTTP кодах статуса и о том, для чего каждый из них предназначен, ознакомьтесь с <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status" class="external-link" target="_blank"><abbr title="Mozilla Developer Network – Сеть разработчиков Mozilla">MDN</abbr> документацией об HTTP статус-кодах</a>.

///

{* ../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001_py39.py hl[8:9,11,14] *}

/// tip | Dica

Tenha em mente que cabeçalhos proprietários personalizados podem ser adicionados <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers" class="external-link" target="_blank">usando o prefixo `X-`</a>.

/**
 * A sorted map which forwards all its method calls to another sorted map. Subclasses should
 * override one or more methods to modify the behavior of the backing sorted map as desired per the
 * <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decorator_pattern">decorator pattern</a>.
 *
 * <p><b>Warning:</b> The methods of {@code ForwardingSortedMap} forward <i>indiscriminately</i> to

# Веб-сокеты { #websockets }

Вы можете использовать <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebSockets_API" class="external-link" target="_blank">веб-сокеты</a> в **FastAPI**.

## Установка `websockets` { #install-websockets }

Убедитесь, что вы создали [виртуальное окружение](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, активировали его и установили `websockets` (библиотека Python, упрощающая работу с протоколом "WebSocket"):

### Eine `list` mit einem Typ-Parameter deklarieren { #declare-a-list-with-a-type-parameter }

Um Typen zu deklarieren, die Typ-Parameter (innere Typen) haben, wie `list`, `dict`, `tuple`, übergeben Sie den/die inneren Typ(en) als „Typ-Parameter“ in eckigen Klammern: `[` und `]`

```Python
my_list: list[str]
```

Das ist alles Standard-Python-Syntax für Typdeklarationen.

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!DOCTYPE suppressions PUBLIC
    "-//Puppy Crawl//DTD Suppressions 1.1//EN"
    "http://www.puppycrawl.com/dtds/suppressions_1_1.dtd">

<suppressions>
    <!-- These packages are duplicated in core-api, don't require a package-info.java in each place -->
    <suppress checks="JavadocPackage"
              files=".*[/\\]stdlib-java-extensions[/\\]src[/\\]main[/\\]java[/\\]org[/\\]gradle[/\\]api[/\\][^/\\]+"/>

 * string {@code "Foo<Bar>"}.
 *
 * <p><b>Note:</b> This class is similar to {@link CharEscaper} but with one very important
 * difference. A CharEscaper can only process Java <a
 * href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-16">UTF16</a> characters in isolation and may not cope
 * when it encounters surrogate pairs. This class facilitates the correct escaping of all Unicode
 * characters.
 *

    server.enqueue(MockResponse().setBody("hello world"))
    val url = server.url("/").toUrl()
    val connection = url.openConnection() as HttpURLConnection
    connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "en-US")
    val inputStream = connection.inputStream
    val reader = BufferedReader(InputStreamReader(inputStream, StandardCharsets.UTF_8))
    assertThat(connection.getResponseCode()).isEqualTo(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK)