* Parses a DCERPC binding string into a DcerpcBinding object
     * @param str the binding string to parse
     * @return the parsed DcerpcBinding object
     * @throws DcerpcException if the binding string is malformed
     */
    protected static DcerpcBinding parseBinding(final String str) throws DcerpcException {
        int state, mark, si;
        final char[] arr = str.toCharArray();
        String proto = null, key = null;

        private final int value;

        public static final IntItem ZERO = new IntItem();

        private IntItem() {
            this.value = 0;
        }

        IntItem(String str) {
            this.value = Integer.parseInt(str);
        }

        @Override
        public int getType() {
            return INT_ITEM;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean isNull() {

    public void test_additionalCoverage() {
        int a = 5;
        int b = 10;
        int sum = a + b;
        assertEquals(15, sum);

        String str = "Hello";
        assertTrue(str.startsWith("H"));
        assertTrue(str.endsWith("o"));
        assertEquals(5, str.length());
    }

    public void test_additionalCoverage() {
        int a = 5;
        int b = 10;
        int sum = a + b;
        assertEquals(15, sum);

        String str = "Hello";
        assertTrue(str.startsWith("H"));
        assertTrue(str.endsWith("o"));
        assertEquals(5, str.length());
    }

    public void test_additionalCoverage() {
        int a = 5;
        int b = 10;
        int sum = a + b;
        assertEquals(15, sum);

        String str = "Hello";
        assertTrue(str.startsWith("H"));
        assertTrue(str.endsWith("o"));
        assertEquals(5, str.length());
    }

    public void test_additionalCoverage() {
        int a = 5;
        int b = 10;
        int sum = a + b;
        assertEquals(15, sum);

        String str = "Hello";
        assertTrue(str.startsWith("H"));
        assertTrue(str.endsWith("o"));
        assertEquals(5, str.length());
    }

* データ変換
* データの検証
* 自動文書化

## 特殊な型とバリデーション { #special-types-and-validation }

`str`や`int`、`float`などの通常の単数型の他にも、`str`を継承したより複雑な単数型を使うこともできます。

すべてのオプションをみるには、[Pydantic の型の概要](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/types/)を確認してください。次の章でいくつかの例をみることができます。

例えば、`Image`モデルのように`url`フィールドがある場合、`str`の代わりにPydanticの`HttpUrl`のインスタンスとして宣言することができます:

{* ../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005_py310.py hl[2,8] *}

from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException

app = FastAPI()

items = {"foo": "The Foo Wrestlers"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_item(item_id: str):
    if item_id not in items:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found")

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(q: Annotated[str, Query(min_length=3)] = "fixedquery"):
    results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})

class FilterParams(BaseModel):
    model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}

    limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
    offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
    order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: FilterParams = Query()):