buf.append("%20");
                } else {
                    final String str = String.valueOf(c);
                    if (StringUtil.isAsciiPrintable(str)) {
                        buf.append(c);
                    } else {
                        buf.append(URLEncoder.encode(str, charset));
                    }
                }
            }

from inline_snapshot import snapshot
from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field


@pytest.fixture(name="client")
def get_client():
    app = FastAPI()

    class ModelWithRef(BaseModel):
        ref: str = Field(validation_alias="$ref", serialization_alias="$ref")
        model_config = ConfigDict(validate_by_alias=True, serialize_by_alias=True)

    @app.get("/", response_model=ModelWithRef)
    async def read_root() -> Any:

import json
from typing import AsyncIterable, Iterable  # noqa: UP035 to test coverage

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str


app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/stream-bare-async")
async def stream_bare_async() -> AsyncIterable:
    yield {"name": "foo"}


@app.get("/items/stream-bare-sync")

Dazu aktualisieren wir das Pydantic-Modell `TokenData` mit einem neuen Attribut `scopes`.

Durch die Validierung der Daten mit Pydantic können wir sicherstellen, dass wir beispielsweise präzise eine `list`e von `str`s mit den Scopes und einen `str` mit dem `username` haben.

Anstelle beispielsweise eines `dict`s oder etwas anderem, was später in der Anwendung zu Fehlern führen könnte und darum ein Sicherheitsrisiko darstellt.

            detail="Incorrect username or password",
            headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Basic"},
        )
    return credentials.username


@app.get("/users/me")
def read_current_user(username: str = Depends(get_current_username)):

    return {"in": "router-decorator-depends"}


app.include_router(router)

client = TestClient(app)


async def overrider_dependency_simple(q: str | None = None):
    return {"q": q, "skip": 5, "limit": 10}


async def overrider_sub_dependency(k: str):
    return {"k": k}


async def overrider_dependency_with_sub(msg: dict = Depends(overrider_sub_dependency)):
    return msg


def test_main_depends():

            detail="Incorrect username or password",
            headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Basic"},
        )
    return credentials.username


@app.get("/users/me")
def read_current_user(username: Annotated[str, Depends(get_current_username)]):

	return
}

func (rel *Relationship) ParseConstraint() *Constraint {
	str := rel.Field.TagSettings["CONSTRAINT"]
	if str == "-" {
		return nil
	}

	if rel.Type == BelongsTo {
		for _, r := range rel.FieldSchema.Relationships.Relations {

为不是路径参数的参数声明默认值（至此，仅有查询参数），该参数就不是必选的了。

如果只想把参数设为可选，但又不想指定参数的值，则要把默认值设为 `None`。

如果要把查询参数设置为必选，就不要声明默认值：

{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial005_py310.py hl[6:7] *}

这里的查询参数 `needy` 是类型为 `str` 的必选查询参数。

在浏览器中打开如下 URL：

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item
```

...因为路径中没有必选参数 `needy`，返回的响应中会显示如下错误信息：

```JSON
{
  "detail": [
    {
      "type": "missing",

class FilterParams(BaseModel):
    model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}

    limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
    offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
    order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: Annotated[FilterParams, Query()]):