### Code Standards
- Follow the project's Eclipse formatter configuration
- Add Apache License 2.0 headers to new files: `mvn license:format`
- Maintain comprehensive JavaDoc documentation
- Write thorough unit tests with good coverage
- Follow existing naming conventions and patterns

## 📄 License

import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
import com.google.common.testing.NullPointerTester;
import java.util.List;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**
 * Unit test for {@link Throwables}.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 */
@GwtCompatible
@SuppressWarnings({
  "deprecation", // tests of numerous deprecated methods
  "nullness", // TODO(cpovirk): fix errors
})

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import junit.framework.AssertionFailedError;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Unit tests for {@link EqualsTester}.
 *
 * @author Jim McMaster
 */
@GwtCompatible
@SuppressWarnings("MissingTestCall")
@NullUnmarked
public class EqualsTesterTest extends TestCase {
  private ValidTestObject reference;

import com.google.common.testing.ClassSanityTester;
import java.util.Arrays;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Unit tests for {@link HashCode}.
 *
 * @author Dimitris Andreou
 * @author Kurt Alfred Kluever
 */
@NullUnmarked
public class HashCodeTest extends TestCase {
  // note: asInt(), asLong() are in little endian

import java.util.SortedSet;
import junit.framework.Test;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import junit.framework.TestSuite;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Unit test for {@link TreeMultiset}.
 *
 * @author Neal Kanodia
 */
@GwtCompatible
@NullMarked
public class TreeMultisetTest extends TestCase {

  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // suite

import java.util.Set;
import junit.framework.Test;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import junit.framework.TestSuite;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Unit tests for {@code LinkedHashMultimap}.
 *
 * @author Jared Levy
 */
@GwtCompatible
@NullMarked
public class LinkedHashMultimapTest extends TestCase {

  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // suite

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**
 * Unit test for {@link UnsignedBytes}.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@NullUnmarked
@GwtIncompatible
@J2ktIncompatible
public class UnsignedBytesTest extends TestCase {

    A --> C[Persistent Handles]
    C --> D[Multi-Channel]
    D --> E[RDMA Support]
    C --> F[Witness Protocol]
    D --> F
```

## Testing Strategy

### Unit Tests
- Individual component testing for each feature
- Mock-based testing for protocol interactions
- State machine validation

### Integration Tests
- Feature interaction testing
- Network failure simulation

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;

/**
 * Unit tests for the {@link ModelVersionUtils} utility class.
 * Tests model version detection, validation, upgrade logic, and namespace operations.
 */
@DisplayName("ModelVersionUtils")
class ModelVersionUtilsTest {

    @Nested

      encodings[0x1c] = encoding // File Separator
      encodings[0x1d] = encoding // Group Separator
      encodings[0x1e] = encoding // Record Separator
      encodings[0x1f] = encoding // Unit Separator
      encodings[0x7f] = encoding // Delete
    }

  fun nonAscii(encoding: Encoding) =
    apply {
      encodings[UNICODE_2] = encoding
      encodings[UNICODE_3] = encoding