from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")

from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")

{!../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!}
```

`str` yerine `Optional[str]` kullanmak editorün bu değerin her zaman `str` tipinde değil bazen `None` tipinde de olabileceğini belirtir ve hataları tespit etmemizde yardımcı olur.

#### Generic tipler

Köşeli parantez içinde tip parametreleri alan bu türler, örneğin:

* `List`
* `Tuple`
* `Set`
* `Dict`
* `Optional`
* ...and others.

 <font color="#4E9A06">╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯</font>

<font color="#4E9A06">INFO</font>:     Uvicorn running on <b>http://0.0.0.0:8000</b> (Press CTRL+C to quit)
<font color="#4E9A06">INFO</font>:     Started parent process [<font color="#34E2E2"><b>27365</b></font>]
<font color="#4E9A06">INFO</font>:     Started server process [<font color="#06989A">27368</font>]

from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")

<div class="termy">

```console
$ OPENAPI_URL= uvicorn main:app

<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
```

</div>

Then if you go to the URLs at `/openapi.json`, `/docs`, or `/redoc` you will just get a `404 Not Found` error like:

```JSON
{
    "detail": "Not Found"
}

Se ele não ver o header de `Autorização` ou o valor não tem um token `Bearer`, vai responder com um código de erro  401 (`UNAUTHORIZED`) diretamente.

Você nem precisa verificar se o token existe para retornar um erro. Você pode ter certeza de que se a sua função for executada, ela terá um `str` nesse token.

Você já pode experimentar na documentação interativa:

Sao chép sang một tệp tin `main.py`.

Chạy live server:

<div class="termy">

```console
$ uvicorn main:app --reload

<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Started reloader process [28720]
<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Started server process [28722]

Wenn Sie beispielsweise eine Funktion haben:

```Python
@lru_cache
def say_hi(name: str, salutation: str = "Ms."):
    return f"Hello {salutation} {name}"
```

könnte Ihr Programm so ausgeführt werden:

```mermaid
sequenceDiagram

participant code as Code
participant function as say_hi()

	ADD	R4, R5			// a5101000
	ADDV	R4, R5			// a5901000
	AND	R4, R5			// a5901400
	NEGW	R4, R5			// 05101100
	NEGV	R4, R5			// 05901100
	SLL	R4, R5			// a5101700
	SLL	R4, R5, R6		// a6101700
	SRL	R4, R5			// a5901700
	SRL	R4, R5, R6	 	// a6901700
	SRA	R4, R5			// a5101800
	SRA	R4, R5, R6	 	// a6101800
	ROTR	R4, R5			// a5101b00
	ROTR	R4, R5, R6		// a6101b00
	SLLV	R4, R5			// a5901800
	SLLV	R4, R5, R6		// a6901800