`Optional[Something]` es realmente un atajo para `Union[Something, None]`, son equivalentes.

Esto también significa que en Python 3.10, puedes usar `Something | None`:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py!}
```

استفاده از `Optional[str]` به جای فقط `str` به ویرایشگر کمک می‌کنه خطاهایی که ممکنه فکر کنی یه مقدار همیشه `str` هست رو پیدا کنه، در حالی که می‌تونه `None` هم باشه.

`Optional[Something]` در واقع میان‌بر برای `Union[Something, None]` هست، این دو تا معادلن.

یعنی توی پایتون 3.10، می‌تونی از `Something | None` استفاده کنی:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py!}
```

        "lib/gcc/arm-rpi-linux-gnueabihf/**",
        "include/**",
    ]),
)

filegroup(
    name = "aarch64_compiler_pieces",
    srcs = glob([
        "aarch64-none-linux-gnu/**",
        "libexec/**",
        "lib/gcc/aarch64-none-linux-gnu/**",
        "include/**",
    ]),
)

filegroup(
    name = "compiler_components",
    srcs = [
        ":ar",
        ":as",
        ":gcc",

`Optional[EenType]` is eigenlijk een snelkoppeling voor `Union[EenType, None]`, ze zijn equivalent.

Dit betekent ook dat je in Python 3.10 `EenType | None` kunt gebruiken:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py!}

</div>

Esto significa que **siempre tendrá un valor**, solo que a veces el valor podría ser `None` (o `null` en JSON).

Eso significa que, los clientes que usan tu API no tienen que comprobar si el valor existe o no, pueden **asumir que el campo siempre estará allí**, pero solo que en algunos casos tendrá el valor por defecto de `None`.

La forma de describir esto en OpenAPI es marcar ese campo como **requerido**, porque siempre estará allí.

  public void testOf() {
    assertMapEquals(ImmutableMap.of("one", 1), "one", 1);
    assertMapEquals(ImmutableMap.of("one", 1, "two", 2), "one", 1, "two", 2);
    assertMapEquals(
        ImmutableMap.of("one", 1, "two", 2, "three", 3), "one", 1, "two", 2, "three", 3);
    assertMapEquals(
        ImmutableMap.of("one", 1, "two", 2, "three", 3, "four", 4),
        "one",
        1,
        "two",
        2,
        "three",

    return doBackward(uncheckedCastNullableTToT(b));
  }

  /**
   * Returns an iterable that applies {@code convert} to each element of {@code fromIterable}. The
   * conversion is done lazily.
   *
   * <p>The returned iterable's iterator supports {@code remove()} if the input iterator does. After
   * a successful {@code remove()} call, {@code fromIterable} no longer contains the corresponding
   * element.

/**
 * Enum representing the status of a crawler.
 * It can be INITIALIZING, RUNNING, or DONE.
 */
public enum CrawlerStatus {
    /**
     * The crawler is initializing.
     */
    INITIALIZING,

    /**
     * The crawler is currently running.
     */
    RUNNING,

    /**
     * The crawler has completed its task.
     */
    DONE;

   * unequivocally demonstrate that funneling cannot be occurring. This is done bit-by-bit. For each
   * input bit(i) and output bit(j), two pairs of keys must be found with all bits identical except
   * bit(i). One pair must differ in output bit(j), and one pair must not. This proves that input
   * bit(i) can alter output bit(j).
   */
  static void checkNoFunnels(HashFunction function) {

    } else if (type instanceof WildcardType) {
      return resolveWildcardType((WildcardType) type);
    } else {
      // if Class<?>, no resolution needed, we are done.
      return type;
    }
  }

  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  Type[] resolveTypesInPlace(Type[] types) {
    for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++) {
      types[i] = resolveType(types[i]);
    }