from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr

app = FastAPI()


class UserIn(BaseModel):
    username: str
    password: str
    email: EmailStr
    full_name: Union[str, None] = None


# Don't do this in production!
@app.post("/user/")
async def create_user(user: UserIn) -> UserIn:

    buildType(RerunFlakyTest(Os.MACOS, Arch.AARCH64))
    buildType(WarmupEc2Agent)

    buildType(PublishKotlinDslPlugin)

    params {
        param("env.DEVELOCITY_ACCESS_KEY", "%ge.gradle.org.access.key%")
    }

 *
 * @author Chris Povirk
 * @author Jared Levy
 */
@GwtCompatible(emulated = true)
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
public class Collections2Test extends TestCase {
  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // suite
  public static Test suite() {
    TestSuite suite = new TestSuite(Collections2Test.class.getSimpleName());
    suite.addTest(testsForFilter());
    suite.addTest(testsForFilterAll());

 * changed. This provides binary compatibility for users who compiled against the old signatures.
 */
@Beta
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
abstract class GraphsBridgeMethods {

  @SuppressWarnings("PreferredInterfaceType")
  public static <N> Graph<N> transitiveClosure(Graph<N> graph) {
    return Graphs.transitiveClosure(graph);
  }

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, Path
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get", ge=0, le=1000)],
    q: str | None = None,
    item: Item | None = None,

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}]


class CommonQueryParams:
    def __init__(self, q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
        self.q = q
        self.skip = skip
        self.limit = limit


@app.get("/items/")

from datetime import datetime

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
from pydantic import BaseModel

fake_db = {}


class Item(BaseModel):
    title: str
    timestamp: datetime
    description: str | None = None


app = FastAPI()


@app.put("/items/{id}")
def update_item(id: str, item: Item):
    json_compatible_item_data = jsonable_encoder(item)

plugins {
  kotlin("jvm")
  id("com.github.johnrengelman.shadow")
}

tasks.compileJava {
  options.isWarnings = false
}

tasks.jar {
  manifest {
    attributes("Main-Class" to "okhttp3.sample.SampleServer")
  }
}

dependencies {
  implementation(projects.mockwebserver)
}

tasks.shadowJar {
  mergeServiceFiles()

👉, 👆 ⚙️ `TestClient` `with` 📄, 🔗*️⃣:

```Python hl_lines="27-31"
{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002.py!}
```

/// note

🌅 ℹ, ✅ 💃 🧾 <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions" class="external-link" target="_blank">🔬 *️⃣ </a>.

# `HTTPConnection` class

When you want to define dependencies that should be compatible with both HTTP and WebSockets, you can define a parameter that takes an `HTTPConnection` instead of a `Request` or a `WebSocket`.

You can import it from `fastapi.requests`:

```python
from fastapi.requests import HTTPConnection
```