from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(alias="item-query")] = None):
    results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})

app = FastAPI()


class BaseUser(BaseModel):
    username: str
    email: EmailStr
    full_name: Union[str, None] = None


class UserIn(BaseUser):
    password: str


@app.post("/user/")
async def create_user(user: UserIn) -> BaseUser:

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_item(item_id: str, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    if q:
        return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}

from pydantic import BaseModel


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None


app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/items/")
async def create_item(item: Item):

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(
    hidden_query: Annotated[str | None, Query(include_in_schema=False)] = None,
):
    if hidden_query:
        return {"hidden_query": hidden_query}
    else:

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="1"
async def needy_dependency(fresh_value: Annotated[str, Depends(get_value, use_cache=False)]):
    return {"fresh_value": fresh_value}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+ non-Annotated

/// tip

Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.

///

```Python hl_lines="1"
async def needy_dependency(fresh_value: str = Depends(get_value, use_cache=False)):

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None
    tags: list = []


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
    results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item}

class Cookies(BaseModel):
    model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}

    session_id: str
    fatebook_tracker: Union[str, None] = None
    googall_tracker: Union[str, None] = None


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(cookies: Cookies = Cookie()):

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(q: str | None = Query(default=None, alias="item-query")):
    results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(
    hidden_query: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, include_in_schema=False),
):
    if hidden_query:
        return {"hidden_query": hidden_query}
    else: