return Arrays.copyOf(empty, length);
  }

  /** Equivalent to Arrays.copyOfRange(source, from, to, arrayOfType.getClass()). */
  static <T> T[] copy(Object[] source, int from, int to, T[] arrayOfType) {
    T[] result = newArray(arrayOfType, to - from);
    System.arraycopy(source, from, result, 0, to - from);
    return result;
  }

  // TODO(user): Move this logic to a utility class.

import pytest
from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIError

from ...utils import needs_py310


@needs_py310
def test_invalid_response_model():
    with pytest.raises(FastAPIError):
        from docs_src.response_model.tutorial003_04_py310 import app

from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import Union

import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Security, status
from fastapi.security import (
    OAuth2PasswordBearer,
    OAuth2PasswordRequestForm,
    SecurityScopes,
)
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError

# to get a string like this run:

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
    results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item}

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import FastAPI, Header
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class CommonHeaders(BaseModel):
    class Config:
        extra = "forbid"

    host: str
    save_data: bool
    if_modified_since: Union[str, None] = None
    traceparent: Union[str, None] = None
    x_tag: list[str] = []


@app.get("/items/")

from typing import Literal

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

app = FastAPI()


class FilterParams(BaseModel):
    limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
    offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
    order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: FilterParams = Query()):

from dirty_equals import IsOneOf
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

app = FastAPI(
    servers=[
        {"url": "/", "description": "Default, relative server"},
        {
            "url": "http://staging.localhost.tiangolo.com:8000",
            "description": "Staging but actually localhost still",
        },
        {"url": "https://prod.example.com"},
    ]
)


@app.get("/foo")
def foo():

from dirty_equals import IsDict
from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl
from starlette.responses import JSONResponse


class CustomModel(BaseModel):
    a: int


app = FastAPI()

callback_router = APIRouter(default_response_class=JSONResponse)


@callback_router.get(
    "{$callback_url}/callback/", responses={400: {"model": CustomModel}}
)

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing_extensions import Annotated

fake_users_db = {
    "johndoe": {
        "username": "johndoe",
        "full_name": "John Doe",
        "email": "******@****.***",
        "hashed_password": "fakehashedsecret",
        "disabled": False,

   prevent flakiness from multiple threads concurrently accessing a stream.

## Version 1.5.3

_2014-03-29_

 * Fix bug where the Content-Length header was not always dropped when
   following a redirect from a POST to a GET.
 * Implement basic support for `Thread.interrupt()`. OkHttp now checks
   for an interruption before doing a blocking call. If it is interrupted,
   it throws an `InterruptedIOException`.