You do that with standard modern Python types.

You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc.

Just standard **Python**.

For example, for an `int`:

```Python
item_id: int
```

or for a more complex `Item` model:

```Python
item: Item
```

   */
  private void assertSuppressed(Suppression... expected) {
    assertEquals(ImmutableList.copyOf(expected), suppressor.suppressions);
  }

  // TODO(cpovirk): Just use addSuppressed+getSuppressed now that we can rely on it.
  /** Suppressor that records suppressions. */
  private static class TestSuppressor implements Closer.Suppressor {

    executor.execute(task);
    assertEquals(1, numCalls.get());
  }

  /*
   * Under Android, MyError propagates up and fails the test?
   *
   * TODO(b/218700094): Does this matter to prod users, or is it just a feature of our testing
   * environment? If the latter, maybe write a custom Executor that avoids failing the test when it
   * sees an Error?
   */
  @AndroidIncompatible

    }

    /**
     * Tests connectivity to the witness service.
     *
     * @throws IOException if connection fails
     */
    private void testConnection() throws IOException {
        // For now, just test basic connectivity to RPC endpoint
        try (java.net.Socket socket = new java.net.Socket()) {
            socket.connect(new java.net.InetSocketAddress(serverAddress, WITNESS_RPC_PORT), WITNESS_RPC_TIMEOUT_MS);

        assertEquals(2, sidArray.sids.length);
        assertNotNull(sidArray.sids[0]);
        assertNotNull(sidArray.sids[1]);
        // Cannot verify decode on non-mock objects - they are created by decode
        // Just verify they were created
        assertNotNull(sidArray.sids[0]);
        assertNotNull(sidArray.sids[1]);
    }

    @Test
    void testLsarSidArrayDecodeNullSids() throws NdrException {

		start = end + 1
		end = start + oi.Parts[i].ActualSize - 1
	}

	return &HTTPRangeSpec{Start: start, End: end}
}

// Returns the compressed offset which should be skipped.
// If encrypted offsets are adjusted for encrypted block headers/trailers.
// Since de-compression is after decryption encryption overhead is only added to compressedOffset.

     */

    @Override
    public void write(final byte[] b, final int off, final int len) throws IOException {
        writeDirect(b, off, len, 0);
    }

    /**
     * Just bypasses TransWaitNamedPipe - used by DCERPC bind.
     *
     * @param b the byte array containing the data to write
     * @param off the start offset in the data
     * @param len the number of bytes to write

     * These methods "should" call checkNotNull. However, I'm wary of accidentally introducing
     * anything that might slow down execution on such a hot path. Given that the methods are only
     * package-private, I feel OK with just not testing them for NPE.
     *
     * Note that testing casValue is particularly dangerous because it uses Unsafe under some
     * versions of Java, and apparently Unsafe can cause SIGSEGV instead of NPE—almost as if it's

     *
     * @return the logger instance
     */
    Logger getLogger();

    /**
     * Extracts the host name from a URL string.
     * Removes protocol and path components to return just the hostname.
     *
     * @param u the URL string to extract host from
     * @return the host name, or empty string if URL is blank, or unknown hostname if parsing fails
     */
    default String getHost(final String u) {

	policyCondFailedErr := "Invalid according to Policy: Policy Condition failed"

	type testCase struct {
		name    string
		fv      formValues
		expired bool
		wantErr string
	}

	// Test case just contains fields we override from defaultFormVals.
	testCases := []testCase{
		{
			name:    "happy path no errors",
			fv:      defaultFormVals.Clone(),
			wantErr: "",
		},
		{