This stacking behavior ensures that middlewares are executed in a predictable and controllable order.

## Other middlewares { #other-middlewares }

You can later read more about other middlewares in the [Advanced User Guide: Advanced Middleware](../advanced/middleware.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

  private volatile long autoIncrementStepNanos;

  /** Advances the ticker value by {@code time} in {@code timeUnit}. */
  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // should accept a java.time.Duration
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  public FakeTicker advance(long time, TimeUnit timeUnit) {
    return advance(timeUnit.toNanos(time));
  }

  /** Advances the ticker value by {@code nanoseconds}. */

# OpenAPI

There are several utilities to handle OpenAPI.

   *
   * <p>No guarantees are made about the behavior of the traversal when nodes change while iteration
   * is in progress or when the iterators generated by {@link #children} are advanced.
   *
   * @deprecated Use {@link com.google.common.graph.Traverser#depthFirstPreOrder} instead, which has
   *     the same behavior.
   */
  @Deprecated

# Advanced Middleware { #advanced-middleware }

In the main tutorial you read how to add [Custom Middleware](../tutorial/middleware.md){.internal-link target=_blank} to your application.

And then you also read how to handle [CORS with the `CORSMiddleware`](../tutorial/cors.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

In this section we'll see how to use other middlewares.

## Adding ASGI middlewares { #adding-asgi-middlewares }

        MockletHttpServletRequest request = getMockRequest();
        request.addHeader("Host", "example.com");

        HtmlNext page = new HtmlNext("/search/advanced");
        HtmlNext result = virtualHostHelper.getVirtualHostPath(page);
        assertEquals("/site1/subpath/search/advanced", result.getRoutingPath());
    }

    public void test_multipleHeaderMatching() {
        ComponentUtil.setFessConfig(new FessConfig.SimpleImpl() {

<img src="/img/tutorial/security/image10.png">

/// note

Notice the header `Authorization`, with a value that starts with `Bearer `.

///

## Advanced usage with `scopes` { #advanced-usage-with-scopes }

OAuth2 has the notion of "scopes".

You can use them to add a specific set of permissions to a JWT token.

Read more about it in the [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/).

You can import them directly from `fastapi.responses`:

```python
from fastapi.responses import (
    FileResponse,
    HTMLResponse,
    JSONResponse,
    ORJSONResponse,

You will learn more about using environment variables for handling **application settings** in the [Advanced User Guide - Settings and Environment Variables](./advanced/settings.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

## `PATH` Environment Variable { #path-environment-variable }

# Templating - `Jinja2Templates`

You can use the `Jinja2Templates` class to render Jinja templates.

Read more about it in the [FastAPI docs for Templates](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/templates/).

You can import it directly from `fastapi.templating`:

```python
from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates
```