PluginException exception = new PluginException("Stack trace test");

        assertNotNull(exception.getStackTrace());
        assertTrue(exception.getStackTrace().length > 0);

        // Verify that the first stack trace element is from this test method
        StackTraceElement firstElement = exception.getStackTrace()[0];
        assertEquals(this.getClass().getName(), firstElement.getClassName());

        int statusCode = 500;
        String message = "Error occurred";

        WebApiException exception = new WebApiException(statusCode, message);

        assertNotNull(exception.getStackTrace());
        assertTrue(exception.getStackTrace().length > 0);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_nestedExceptions() {
        // Test nested exceptions

        // The message-only constructor uses super(message, false, false) which disables stack trace
        assertEquals(0, exception.getStackTrace().length);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_stackTraceForMessageAndCauseConstructor() {
        // Test that stack trace is available when using message and cause constructor

    public void test_stackTrace() {
        // Test that stack trace is properly maintained
        DictionaryExpiredException exception = new DictionaryExpiredException();
        StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = exception.getStackTrace();

        assertNotNull(stackTrace);
        assertTrue(stackTrace.length > 0);

        // First element should be from this test method
        assertEquals("test_stackTrace", stackTrace[0].getMethodName());

        Throwable result = exception.fillInStackTrace();
        assertNull(result);

        // Verify that stack trace is not generated
        StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = exception.getStackTrace();
        assertEquals(0, stackTrace.length);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_serialVersionUID() {
        // Test that serialVersionUID is correctly defined

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());

        // Stack trace should be populated
        assertTrue(exception.getStackTrace().length > 0);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructor_withNonWritableStackTrace() {
        // Test protected constructor with non-writable stack trace

        RuntimeException innerException = new RuntimeException(innerMessage);
        StorageException exception = new StorageException(outerMessage, innerException);

        assertNotNull(exception.getStackTrace());
        assertTrue(exception.getStackTrace().length > 0);
        assertEquals(innerException, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals(innerMessage, exception.getCause().getMessage());
    }

    @Test

        // Execute
        final SsoMessageException exception = new SsoMessageException(messageCode, message, cause);

        // Verify stack trace is available
        assertNotNull(exception.getStackTrace());
        assertTrue(exception.getStackTrace().length > 0);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_differentMessageCodes() {
        // Setup - test with different message codes
        final String message = "Test message";

            // Test standard IOException methods
            assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
            assertNotNull(exception.getStackTrace());
            assertTrue(exception.getStackTrace().length > 0);

            // Test that it can be thrown as IOException
            assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> {
                throw exception;
            });
        }

    Throwable cause = e.getCause();
    if (cause == null) {
      throw e;
    }
    if (combineStackTraces) {
      StackTraceElement[] combined =
          ObjectArrays.concat(cause.getStackTrace(), e.getStackTrace(), StackTraceElement.class);
      cause.setStackTrace(combined);
    }
    if (cause instanceof Exception) {
      throw (Exception) cause;
    }
    if (cause instanceof Error) {