import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFileAttributeView;
import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFileAttributes;
import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * Unit tests for {@link FileBackedOutputStream}.
 *
 * <p>For a tiny bit more testing, see {@link FileBackedOutputStreamAndroidIncompatibleTest}.
 *
 * @author Chris Nokleberg
 */
public class FileBackedOutputStreamTest extends IoTestCase {

& , 👆 🔜 🎲 🚫 💚 🈸 🚧 ☠️ ↩️ 📤 ❌ 1️⃣ 🥉, 👆 🎲 💚 ⚫️ **😣 🏃** 🌘 *➡ 🛠️* 👈 🚫 💔.

### ⏏ ⏮️ 💥

✋️ 👈 💼 ⏮️ 🤙 👎 ❌ 👈 💥 🏃‍♂ **🛠️**, 👆 🔜 💚 🔢 🦲 👈 🈚 **🔁** 🛠️, 🌘 👩‍❤‍👨 🕰...

/// tip

...👐 🚥 🎂 🈸 **💥 ⏪** ⚫️ 🎲 🚫 ⚒ 🔑 🚧 🔁 ⚫️ ♾. ✋️ 📚 💼, 👆 🔜 🎲 👀 ⚫️ ⏮️ 🛠️, ⚖️ 🌘 ▶️️ ⏮️ 🛠️.

➡️ 🎯 🔛 👑 💼, 🌐❔ ⚫️ 💪 💥 🍕 🎯 💼 **🔮**, & ⚫️ ⚒ 🔑 ⏏ ⚫️.

///

### Перезапуск после падения

Для случаев, когда ошибки приводят к сбою в запущенном **процессе**, Вам понадобится добавить компонент, который **перезапустит** процесс хотя бы пару раз...

/// tip | "Заметка"

... Если приложение падает сразу же после запуска, вероятно бесполезно его бесконечно перезапускать. Но полагаю, вы заметите такое поведение во время разработки или, по крайней мере, сразу после развёртывания.

你可以参考[Return a Response Directly](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank}来创建response

然后设置Cookies，并返回：

```Python hl_lines="10-12"
{!../../docs_src/response_cookies/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// tip

需要注意，如果你直接反馈一个response对象，而不是使用`Response`入参，FastAPI则会直接反馈你封装的response对象。

所以你需要确保你响应数据类型的正确性，如：你可以使用`JSONResponse`来兼容JSON的场景。

同时，你也应当仅反馈通过`response_model`过滤过的数据。

///

### 更多信息

/// note | "技术细节"

假设要在*路径操作函数*中获取客户端 IP 地址和主机。

此时，需要直接访问请求。

```Python hl_lines="1  7-8"
{!../../docs_src/using_request_directly/tutorial001.py!}
```

把*路径操作函数*的参数类型声明为 `Request`，**FastAPI** 就能把 `Request` 传递到参数里。

/// tip | "提示"

注意，本例除了声明请求参数之外，还声明了路径参数。

因此，能够提取、验证路径参数、并转换为指定类型，还可以用 OpenAPI 注释。

同样，您也可以正常声明其它参数，而且还可以提取 `Request`。

///

## `Request` 文档

 & Pydantic `Field` 📨 👐 `FieldInfo` 👍.

`Body` 📨 🎚 🏿 `FieldInfo` 🔗. & 📤 🎏 👆 🔜 👀 ⏪ 👈 🏿 `Body` 🎓.

💭 👈 🕐❔ 👆 🗄 `Query`, `Path`, & 🎏 ⚪️➡️ `fastapi`, 👈 🤙 🔢 👈 📨 🎁 🎓.

///

/// tip

👀 ❔ 🔠 🏷 🔢 ⏮️ 🆎, 🔢 💲 & `Field` ✔️ 🎏 📊 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 🔢, ⏮️ `Field` ↩️ `Path`, `Query` & `Body`.

///

## 🚮 ➕ ℹ

👆 💪 📣 ➕ ℹ `Field`, `Query`, `Body`, ♒️. & ⚫️ 🔜 🔌 🏗 🎻 🔗.

Remember that when you import `Query`, `Path`, and others from `fastapi`, those are actually functions that return special classes.

///

/// tip

Notice how each model's attribute with a type, default value and `Field` has the same structure as a *path operation function's* parameter, with `Field` instead of `Path`, `Query` and `Body`.

///

## Add extra information

Before FastAPI 0.108.0, Starlette 0.29.0, the `name` was the first parameter.

Also, before that, in previous versions, the `request` object was passed as part of the key-value pairs in the context for Jinja2.

///

/// tip

By declaring `response_class=HTMLResponse` the docs UI will be able to know that the response will be HTML.

///

/// note | "Technical Details"

```Python hl_lines="4  11  15-16"
{!../../docs_src/templates/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// note | "笔记"

在FastAPI 0.108.0，Starlette 0.29.0之前，`name`是第一个参数。
并且，在此之前，`request`对象是作为context的一部分以键值对的形式传递的。

///

/// tip | "提示"

通过声明 `response_class=HTMLResponse`，API 文档就能识别响应的对象是 HTML。

///

/// note | "技术细节"

您还可以使用 `from starlette.templating import Jinja2Templates`。

### Restart After Crash

But in those cases with really bad errors that crash the running **process**, you would want an external component that is in charge of **restarting** the process, at least a couple of times...

/// tip

...Although if the whole application is just **crashing immediately** it probably doesn't make sense to keep restarting it forever. But in those cases, you will probably notice it during development, or at least right after deployment.