## Optional parameters { #optional-parameters }

The same way, you can declare optional query parameters, by setting their default to `None`:

{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py hl[7] *}

In this case, the function parameter `q` will be optional, and will be `None` by default.

/// check

     */
    public byte[] fromObjectToBinary(final Object obj) {
        final String serializer = getSerializerType();
        return switch (serializer) {
        case KRYO -> serializeWithKryo(obj);
        case JAVABIN -> SerializeUtil.fromObjectToBinary(obj);
        default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected value: " + serializer);
        };
    }

    /**

		case isSysErrNotDir(err) || isSysErrIsDir(err):
			return nil, dmTime, errFileNotFound
		case isSysErrHandleInvalid(err):
			// This case is special and needs to be handled for windows.
			return nil, dmTime, errFileNotFound
		case isSysErrIO(err):
			return nil, dmTime, errFaultyDisk
		case isSysErrTooManyFiles(err):
			return nil, dmTime, errTooManyOpenFiles
		case isSysErrInvalidArg(err):

a,select"),g=!1;f.each(function(){var b=[],e=a(this),f=e.attr("required"),h={};switch(f&&b.push("required"),(e.attr("type")||"").toLowerCase()){case"time":b.push("time"),a.formUtils.validators.validate_date||d||(d=!0,a.formUtils.loadModules("date"));break;case"url":b.push("url");break;case"email":b.push("email");break;case"date":b.push("date");break;case"number":b.push("number");var i=e.attr("max"),j=e.attr("min"),k=e.attr("step");j||i?(j||(j="0"),i||(i="9007199254740992"),k||(k="1"),h["data-val...

		}
	}
	tx.Statement.RaiseErrorOnNotFound = true
	tx.Statement.Dest = dest
	return tx.callbacks.Query().Execute(tx)
}

// Last finds the last record ordered by primary key, matching given conditions conds
func (db *DB) Last(dest interface{}, conds ...interface{}) (tx *DB) {
	tx = db.Limit(1).Order(clause.OrderByColumn{
		Column: clause.Column{Table: clause.CurrentTable, Name: clause.PrimaryKey},

		switch k := priv.(type) {
		case *rsa.PrivateKey:
			return &k.PublicKey
		case *ecdsa.PrivateKey:
			return &k.PublicKey
		default:
			return nil
		}
	}

	pemBlockForKey := func(priv any) *pem.Block {
		switch k := priv.(type) {
		case *rsa.PrivateKey:
			return &pem.Block{Type: "RSA PRIVATE KEY", Bytes: x509.MarshalPKCS1PrivateKey(k)}
		case *ecdsa.PrivateKey:

		serverConfigRegion string
		expectedCode       APIErrorCode
	}{
		// Test case - 1.
		{createExpectedRequest(&http.Request{}, "eu-central-1"), globalMinioDefaultRegion, ErrNone},
		// Test case - 2.
		// In case of empty request body ErrNone is returned.
		{createExpectedRequest(&http.Request{}, ""), globalMinioDefaultRegion, ErrNone},
		// Test case - 3
		// In case of garbage request body ErrMalformedXML is returned.

type EncryptedString string

func (es *EncryptedString) Scan(ctx context.Context, field *schema.Field, dst reflect.Value, dbValue interface{}) (err error) {
	switch value := dbValue.(type) {
	case []byte:
		*es = EncryptedString(bytes.TrimPrefix(value, []byte("hello")))
	case string:
		*es = EncryptedString(strings.TrimPrefix(value, "hello"))
	default:
		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported data %#v", dbValue)
	}
	return nil
}

      switch (c) {
        case '\t':
        case '\n':
        case '\013':
        case '\f':
        case '\r':
        case ' ':
        case '\u0085':
        case '\u1680':
        case '\u2028':
        case '\u2029':
        case '\u205f':
        case '\u3000':
          return true;
        case '\u2007':
          return false;
        default:

	var listSTSKeys, listServiceAccounts bool
	switch listType {
	case madmin.AccessKeyListUsersOnly:
		listSTSKeys = false
		listServiceAccounts = false
	case madmin.AccessKeyListSTSOnly:
		listSTSKeys = true
		listServiceAccounts = false
	case madmin.AccessKeyListSvcaccOnly:
		listSTSKeys = false
		listServiceAccounts = true
	case madmin.AccessKeyListAll:
		listSTSKeys = true
		listServiceAccounts = true