if (i == 0) {
        head = chain;
      }
    }
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("GuardedBy")
  @Benchmark
  int time(int reps) {
    int dummy = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
      // TODO(b/145386688): This access should be guarded by 'this.segment', which is not currently
      // held
      segment.removeEntryFromChain(chain, head);
      dummy += segment.count;

    if (omitNulls) {
      helper = helper.omitNullValues();
    }
    return helper;
  }

  @Benchmark
  int toString(int reps) {
    int dummy = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
      MoreObjects.ToStringHelper helper = newHelper();
      for (int j = 0; j < dataSize; ++j) {
        dataset.addEntries(helper);
      }

```

### 2. Create a sample OPA Policy

In another terminal, create a policy that allows root user all access and for all other users denies `PutObject`:

```sh
cat > example.rego <<EOF
package httpapi.authz

import input

default allow = false

# Allow the root user to perform any action.
allow {
 input.owner == true
}

  void setUp() {
    testBytes = new byte[size];
    new Random(RANDOM_SEED).nextBytes(testBytes);
  }

  @Benchmark
  byte hashing(int reps) {
    byte result = 0x01;
    HashMethod hashMethod = this.hashMethod;
    Algorithm algorithm = this.algorithm;
    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
      result ^= hashMethod.hash(algorithm, testBytes)[0];
    }
    return result;
  }

# Fetch the NVIDIA key.
apt-key adv --fetch-keys https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2204/x86_64/3bf863cc.pub;

# Set up sources for NVIDIA CUDNN.
cat >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia.list <<SOURCES
# NVIDIA
deb https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2204/x86_64/ /

  @BeforeExperiment
  void setUp() {
    eventBus = new EventBus("for benchmarking purposes");
    eventBus.register(this);
  }

  @Benchmark
  void postStrings(int reps) {
    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
      eventBus.post("hello there");
    }
  }

  @Subscribe
  public void handleStrings(String string) {
    // Nothing to do here.
  }

    requests.set(0);
    misses.set(0);
  }

  @Benchmark
  int time(int reps) {
    int dummy = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
      dummy += cache.getUnchecked(nextRandomKey());
    }
    requests.addAndGet(reps);
    return dummy;
  }

  private int nextRandomKey() {
    int a = random.nextInt(max);

    /*

    if (omitNulls) {
      helper = helper.omitNullValues();
    }
    return helper;
  }

  @Benchmark
  int toString(int reps) {
    int dummy = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
      MoreObjects.ToStringHelper helper = newHelper();
      for (int j = 0; j < dataSize; ++j) {
        dataset.addEntries(helper);
      }

app = FastAPI()


@app.exception_handler(StarletteHTTPException)
async def custom_http_exception_handler(request, exc):
    print(f"OMG! An HTTP error!: {repr(exc)}")
    return await http_exception_handler(request, exc)


@app.exception_handler(RequestValidationError)
async def validation_exception_handler(request, exc):
    print(f"OMG! The client sent invalid data!: {exc}")

     * @param <REQ> The type of the request
     * @param <REP> The type of the response
     * @param message The error message describing the batch operation failure
     * @param allResults List of results from all attempted requests in the batch
     */
    public <REQ extends Request<?>, REP extends Result<REQ>> BatchRequestException(
            String message, List<RequestResult<REQ, REP>> allResults) {
        super(message);