*
   * - stored permits (if available)
   *
   * - fresh permits (for any remaining permits)
   *
   * How this works is best explained with an example:
   *
   * For a RateLimiter that produces 1 token per second, every second that goes by with the
   * RateLimiter being unused, we increase storedPermits by 1. Say we leave the RateLimiter unused

subject*                          (string)    NATS subscription subject
username                          (string)    NATS username
password                          (string)    NATS password
token                             (string)    NATS token
tls                               (on|off)    set to 'on' to enable TLS
tls_skip_verify                   (on|off)    trust server TLS without verification, defaults to "on" (verify)

        v.add(new DERTaggedObject(true, 2, new DERBitString(new byte[] { apOptions }))); // first byte read by impl
        return new DERSequence(v);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("byte[] ctor: empty token throws PACDecodingException with clear message")
    void byteArrayConstructor_emptyToken_throws() {
        // Arrange
        byte[] empty = new byte[0];

        // Act + Assert

        form.oicAuthServerUrl = fessConfig.getSystemProperty("oic.auth.server.url", "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth");
        form.oicTokenServerUrl = fessConfig.getSystemProperty("oic.token.server.url", "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token");
        form.oicRedirectUrl = fessConfig.getSystemProperty("oic.redirect.url", StringUtil.EMPTY);
        form.oicScope = fessConfig.getSystemProperty("oic.scope", StringUtil.EMPTY);

## Explore Further

- [MinIO Client Complete Guide](https://docs.min.io/community/minio-object-store/reference/minio-mc.html)
- [MinIO STS Quickstart Guide](https://docs.min.io/community/minio-object-store/developers/security-token-service.html)
- [MinIO Admin Complete Guide](https://docs.min.io/community/minio-object-store/reference/minio-mc-admin.html)

在此情況下，該清單必須包含 `http://localhost:8080`，` :8080` 的前端才能正確運作。

## 萬用字元 { #wildcards }

也可以將清單宣告為 `"*"`（「wildcard」萬用字元），表示全部都允許。

但那只會允許某些類型的通訊，凡是涉及憑證（credentials）的都會被排除：例如 Cookie、Authorization 標頭（像 Bearer Token 會用到的）等。

因此，為了讓一切正常運作，最好明確指定被允許的來源。

## 使用 `CORSMiddleware` { #use-corsmiddleware }

你可以在 **FastAPI** 應用程式中使用 `CORSMiddleware` 來設定：

* 匯入 `CORSMiddleware`。
* 建立允許的來源清單（字串）。

- On finding at least one associated policy, MinIO generates temporary credentials for the user storing the list of groups in a cryptographically secure session token. The temporary access key, secret key and session token are returned to the user.
- The user can now use these credentials to make requests to the MinIO server.

	AmzExpires              = "X-Amz-Expires"
	AmzSignedHeaders        = "X-Amz-SignedHeaders"
	AmzSignature            = "X-Amz-Signature"
	AmzCredential           = "X-Amz-Credential"
	AmzSecurityToken        = "X-Amz-Security-Token"
	AmzDecodedContentLength = "X-Amz-Decoded-Content-Length"
	AmzTrailer              = "X-Amz-Trailer"
	AmzMaxParts             = "X-Amz-Max-Parts"
	AmzPartNumberMarker     = "X-Amz-Part-Number-Marker"

  - This changes the tokens provided to containers at `/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token` to be time-limited, auto-refreshed, and invalidated when the containing pod is deleted.
  - Clients should reload the token from disk periodically (once per minute is recommended) to ensure they continue to use a valid token. `k8s.io/client-go` version v11.0.0+ and v0.15.0+ reload tokens automatically.

            if (initialToken != null && initialToken.length > 0) {
                NegTokenInit tok = new NegTokenInit(initialToken);
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug("Have initial token " + tok);
                }
                if (tok.getMechanisms() != null) {
                    Set<ASN1ObjectIdentifier> mechs = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(tok.getMechanisms()));