* merged, but overlapping ranges will cause an exception when {@link #build()} is called.
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if any inserted ranges are empty
     * @since 21.0
     */
    @CanIgnoreReturnValue
    public Builder<C> addAll(Iterable<Range<C>> ranges) {
      for (Range<C> range : ranges) {
        add(range);
      }

    }
  }

  // TODO(cpovirk): Rename to "toCharSequence."
  CharSequence toString(@Nullable Object part) {
    /*
     * requireNonNull is not safe: Joiner.on(...).join(somethingThatContainsNull) will indeed throw.
     * However, Joiner.on(...).useForNull(...).join(somethingThatContainsNull) *is* safe -- because
     * it returns a subclass of Joiner that overrides this method to tolerate null inputs.
     *

    }
  }

  // TODO(cpovirk): Rename to "toCharSequence."
  CharSequence toString(@Nullable Object part) {
    /*
     * requireNonNull is not safe: Joiner.on(...).join(somethingThatContainsNull) will indeed throw.
     * However, Joiner.on(...).useForNull(...).join(somethingThatContainsNull) *is* safe -- because
     * it returns a subclass of Joiner that overrides this method to tolerate null inputs.
     *

following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not
exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.

     Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are
     intended for use by those authorized to give the public
     permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by
     copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are

func LastIndexFunc(s []byte, f func(r rune) bool) int {
	return lastIndexFunc(s, f, true)
}

// indexFunc is the same as IndexFunc except that if
// truth==false, the sense of the predicate function is
// inverted.
func indexFunc(s []byte, f func(r rune) bool, truth bool) int {
	start := 0
	for start < len(s) {
		r, wid := utf8.DecodeRune(s[start:])
		if f(r) == truth {
			return start
		}
		start += wid
	}

Let's take this application as example:

{* ../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001_py310.py hl[7] *}

The query parameter `q` is of type `str | None`, that means that it's of type `str` but could also be `None`, and indeed, the default value is `None`, so FastAPI will know it's not required.

/// note

FastAPI will know that the value of `q` is not required because of the default value `= None`.

     * and performs bulk indexing operations with proper error handling.
     *
     * @param searchEngineClient the search engine client to use for indexing
     * @param docList the list of documents to be indexed
     * @throws SearchEngineClientException if the bulk indexing operation fails
     */
    public void sendDocuments(final SearchEngineClient searchEngineClient, final DocList docList) {
        if (docList.isEmpty()) {

   * stripes (much like the birthday paradox, where much fewer than anticipated birthdays are needed
   * for a pair of them to match). Please consider carefully the implications of the number of
   * stripes, the intended concurrency level, and the typical number of keys used in a {@code
   * bulkGet(keys)} operation. See <a href="http://www.mathpages.com/home/kmath199.htm">Balls in

  fun flush() {
    writer.flush()
  }

  /**
   * Degrades this connection such that new streams can neither be created locally, nor accepted
   * from the remote peer. Existing streams are not impacted. This is intended to permit an endpoint
   * to gracefully stop accepting new requests without harming previously established streams.
   */
  @Throws(IOException::class)
  fun shutdown(statusCode: ErrorCode) {
    writer.withLock {

Contributions are its original creation(s) or it has sufficient rights
to grant the rights to its Contributions conveyed by this License.

2.6. Fair Use

This License is not intended to limit any rights You have under
applicable copyright doctrines of fair use, fair dealing, or other
equivalents.

2.7. Conditions

Sections 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.4 are conditions of the licenses granted