if (initialBytes == null) {
        return checkNotNull(bytes);
      } else {
        byte[] result = new byte[initialBytes.length + bytes.length];
        System.arraycopy(initialBytes, 0, result, 0, initialBytes.length);
        System.arraycopy(bytes, 0, result, initialBytes.length, bytes.length);
        return result;
      }
    }

    @Override
    public byte[] getSinkContents() throws IOException {

            // Simulate encoding a string
            offset += (s.length() * 2) + 4; // Length + null terminator + actual string
        }
    }

    // Test for LsarQosInfo
    @Test
    void testLsarQosInfoEncode() throws NdrException {
        lsarpc.LsarQosInfo qosInfo = new lsarpc.LsarQosInfo();
        qosInfo.length = 10;
        qosInfo.impersonation_level = 1;
        qosInfo.context_mode = 2;

        checkArgument(
            fromUpperBounds.length == toUpperBounds.length
                && fromLowerBounds.length == toLowerBounds.length,
            "Incompatible type: %s vs. %s",
            fromWildcardType,
            to);
        for (int i = 0; i < fromUpperBounds.length; i++) {
          populateTypeMappings(mappings, fromUpperBounds[i], toUpperBounds[i]);
        }

    private final long sourceOffset;
    private final long targetOffset;
    private final int length;

    /**
     * Constructs a server copy chunk descriptor
     * @param soff the source file offset
     * @param toff the target file offset
     * @param len the length of data to copy
     */
    public SrvCopychunk(final long soff, final long toff, final int len) {
        this.sourceOffset = soff;

  public final Entry<String, String>[] createArray(int length) {
    return (Entry<String, String>[]) new Entry<?, ?>[length];
  }

  @Override
  public final String[] createKeyArray(int length) {
    return new String[length];
  }

  @Override
  public final String[] createValueArray(int length) {
    return new String[length];
  }

  /** Returns the original element list, unchanged. */
  @Override

  public final Entry<String, String>[] createArray(int length) {
    return (Entry<String, String>[]) new Entry<?, ?>[length];
  }

  @Override
  public final String[] createKeyArray(int length) {
    return new String[length];
  }

  @Override
  public final String[] createValueArray(int length) {
    return new String[length];
  }

  /** Returns the original element list, unchanged. */
  @Override

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should throw IOException for fragment length exceeding max")
        void testDoSendReceiveFragment_FragmentTooLarge() throws Exception {
            DcerpcPipeHandle handle = createMockedDcerpcPipeHandle();

            byte[] buf = new byte[50];
            byte[] inB = new byte[100];

            // Setup fragment length exceeding max (4280)
            Encdec.enc_uint16le((short) 4281, inB, 8);

        // Information level defaults to BOTH_DIRECTORY_INFO (0x104) — check via parameters encoding
        byte[] buf = new byte[2 + 2 + 2 + 4 + 2 + filename.length() + 1];
        int n = next.writeParametersWireFormat(buf, 0);
        assertEquals(buf.length, n, "Parameter bytes written should match expected length");
        // informationLevel LE at offset 4..5
        assertEquals((byte) 0x04, buf[4]);
        assertEquals((byte) 0x01, buf[5]);
    }

      .assertLogEqual("Content-Length: 3")
      .assertLogEqual("--> END POST")
      .assertLogMatch(Regex("""<-- 200 OK $url \(\d+ms\)"""))
      .assertLogEqual("Content-Length: 0")
      .assertLogEqual("<-- END HTTP")
      .assertNoMoreLogs()
    networkLogs
      .assertLogEqual("--> POST $url http/1.1")
      .assertLogEqual("Content-Length: 3")
      .assertLogEqual("Host: $host")

     * - Byte 1: High bit of 17-bit length field
     * - Bytes 2-3: Lower 16 bits of length field
     */
    private static byte[] messageHeader(int length) {
        byte[] h = new byte[4];
        h[0] = (byte) SessionServicePacket.SESSION_MESSAGE;
        h[1] = (byte) ((length >> 16) & 0x01);
        h[2] = (byte) ((length >> 8) & 0xFF);
        h[3] = (byte) (length & 0xFF);
        return h;
    }

    /**