def test_token():
    response = client.get("/items", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer testtoken"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"token": "testtoken"}


def test_token_with_whitespaces():
    response = client.get("/items", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer  testtoken "})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

        // Test constructor with whitespace in type
        String type = "  Bearer Token  ";
        String message = "Whitespace in token type";
        InvalidAccessTokenException exception = new InvalidAccessTokenException(type, message);

        assertEquals("  Bearer Token  ", exception.getType());
        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());

    return current_user


client = TestClient(app)


def test_security_oauth2():
    response = client.get("/users/me", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer footokenbar"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"username": "Bearer footokenbar"}


def test_security_oauth2_password_other_header():
    response = client.get("/users/me", headers={"Authorization": "Other footokenbar"})

    - 但該端點需要驗證。
    - 因此為了向 API 驗證，請求會帶上一個 `Authorization` 標頭，值為 `Bearer ` 加上 token。
    - 例如 token 是 `foobar`，則 `Authorization` 標頭內容為：`Bearer foobar`。

## FastAPI 的 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` { #fastapis-oauth2passwordbearer }

FastAPI 提供多層抽象的工具來實作這些安全機制。

本例將使用 OAuth2 的 Password 流程，並以 Bearer token 進行驗證；我們會用 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` 類別來完成。

/// info

「Bearer」token 不是唯一選項。

但對本例最合適。

    * 因此，为了与我们的 API 进行身份验证，它会发送一个 `Authorization` 请求头，值为 `Bearer ` 加上令牌。
    * 如果令牌内容是 `foobar`，`Authorization` 请求头的内容就是：`Bearer foobar`。

## **FastAPI** 的 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` { #fastapis-oauth2passwordbearer }

**FastAPI** 在不同抽象层级提供了多种安全工具。

本示例将使用 **OAuth2** 的 **Password** 流程并配合 **Bearer** 令牌，通过 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` 类来实现。

/// info | 信息

“Bearer” 令牌并非唯一选项。

但它非常适合我们的用例。

@app.get("/", dependencies=[Depends(bearer_scheme)])
async def get_root():
    return {"message": "Hello, World!"}


client = TestClient(app)


def test_get_root():
    response = client.get("/", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer token"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"message": "Hello, World!"}


def test_get_root_no_token():
    response = client.get("/")

    val request =
      Request
        .Builder()
        .url("https://example.com")
        .header("Authorization", "Bearer abc123")
        .build()

    val curl = request.toCurl()
    assertThat(curl)
      .isEqualTo(
        """
        |curl 'https://example.com/' \
        |  -H 'Authorization: Bearer abc123'
        """.trimMargin(),
      )
  }

  @Test
  fun curlPostWithBody() {

    user = fake_decode_token(token)
    if not user:
        raise HTTPException(
            status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
            detail="Not authenticated",
            headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
        )
    return user


async def get_current_active_user(
    current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)],
):
    if current_user.disabled:

    return current_user


client = TestClient(app)


def test_security_oauth2():
    response = client.get("/users/me", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer footokenbar"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"username": "Bearer footokenbar"}


def test_security_oauth2_password_other_header():
    response = client.get("/users/me", headers={"Authorization": "Other footokenbar"})

async def get_current_user(
    security_scopes: SecurityScopes, token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]
):
    if security_scopes.scopes:
        authenticate_value = f'Bearer scope="{security_scopes.scope_str}"'
    else:
        authenticate_value = "Bearer"
    credentials_exception = HTTPException(
        status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
        detail="Could not validate credentials",