到目前為止，你看到的相依性都是宣告成函式。

但那不是宣告相依性的唯一方式（雖然那大概是最常見的）。

關鍵在於，相依性應該要是「callable」。

在 Python 中，「**callable**」指的是任何可以像函式一樣被 Python「呼叫」的東西。

因此，如果你有一個物件 `something`（它可能不是函式），而你可以像這樣「呼叫」（執行）它：

```Python
something()
```

或是

```Python
something(some_argument, some_keyword_argument="foo")
```

那它就是一個「callable」。

## 以類別作為相依性 { #classes-as-dependencies_1 }

你可能已經注意到，建立一個 Python 類別的實例時，你用的語法也是一樣的。

Most of these ideas would be more or less **independent**, and in most cases you should only need to study them if they apply directly to **your project**.

If something seems interesting and useful to your project, go ahead and check it, but otherwise, you might probably just skip them.

/// tip

In these cases, it's common to send "**JSON Lines**", which is a format where you send one JSON object per line.

A response would have a content type of `application/jsonl` (instead of `application/json`) and the body would be something like:

```json
{"name": "Plumbus", "description": "A multi-purpose household device."}
{"name": "Portal Gun", "description": "A portal opening device."}

    return suite;
  }

  private static final String STRING = ASCII + I18N;
  private static final String LINES = "foo\nbar\r\nbaz\rsomething";
  private static final ImmutableList<String> SPLIT_LINES =
      ImmutableList.of("foo", "bar", "baz", "something");

  private TestCharSource source;

  @Override
  public void setUp() {
    source = new TestCharSource(STRING);
  }

* It takes each **request** that comes to your application.
* It can then do something to that **request** or run any needed code.
* Then it passes the **request** to be processed by the rest of the application (by some *path operation*).
* It then takes the **response** generated by the application (by some *path operation*).
* It can do something to that **response** or run any needed code.
* Then it returns the **response**.

/// info | `@decorator` Info

That `@something` syntax in Python is called a "decorator".

You put it on top of a function. Like a pretty decorative hat (I guess that's where the term came from).

A "decorator" takes the function below and does something with it.

핵심 요소는 의존성이 "호출 가능(callable)"해야 한다는 것입니다.

파이썬에서 "**호출 가능(callable)**"이란 파이썬이 함수처럼 "호출"할 수 있는 모든 것입니다.

따라서 `something`(함수가 _아닐_ 수도 있습니다)이라는 객체가 있고, 다음처럼 "호출"(실행)할 수 있다면:

```Python
something()
```

또는

```Python
something(some_argument, some_keyword_argument="foo")
```

그것은 "호출 가능(callable)"입니다.

## 의존성으로서의 클래스 { #classes-as-dependencies_1 }

                .withParameter("something", "cr@zy")
                .withParameter("something-else", "crazy with spaces")
                .withParameter("and-another-thing", "")
                .withParameter("normal-thing", "foo")
                .toString())
        .isEqualTo(
            "text/plain; something=\"cr@zy\"; something-else=\"crazy with spaces\";"

 limitations under the License.
-->
Contributing to Apache Maven
======================

You have found a bug or you have an idea for a cool new feature? Contributing
code is a great way to give something back to the open source community. Before
you dig right into the code, there are a few guidelines that we need
contributors to follow so that we can have a chance of keeping on top of
things.

def test_list_bytes_file_preserves_order(
    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
) -> None:
    app = FastAPI()

    @app.post("/upload")
    async def upload(files: Annotated[list[bytes], File()]):
        # return something that makes order obvious
        return [b[0] for b in files]

    original_read = StarletteUploadFile.read

    async def patched_read(self: StarletteUploadFile, size: int = -1) -> bytes: