TestSortedMapGenerator<K, V> delegate, Bound to, Bound from) {
    return subSuiteUsing(new NavigableMapSubmapTestMapGenerator<K, V>(delegate, to, from));
  }

  /** Create a suite whose maps are descending views of other maps. */
  private TestSuite createDescendingSuite(
      FeatureSpecificTestSuiteBuilder<
              ?, ? extends OneSizeTestContainerGenerator<Map<K, V>, Entry<K, V>>>
          parentBuilder) {

  }

  @Override
  public Multimap<K, V> unfiltered() {
    return unfiltered;
  }

  @Override
  public Predicate<? super Entry<K, V>> entryPredicate() {
    return Maps.keyPredicateOnEntries(keyPredicate);
  }

  @Override
  public int size() {
    int size = 0;
    for (Collection<V> collection : asMap().values()) {
      size += collection.size();
    }
    return size;

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item)
async def create_item(item: Item) -> Any:
    return item


@app.get("/items/", response_model=list[Item])
async def read_items() -> Any:

//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package cmd

import (
	"errors"
	"maps"
	"net/http"
	"time"

	jwtgo "github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v4"
	jwtreq "github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v4/request"
	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/auth"
	xjwt "github.com/minio/minio/internal/jwt"

 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.common.graph;

import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;

import com.google.common.annotations.Beta;
import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.Set;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * This class provides a skeletal implementation of {@link ValueGraph}. It is recommended to extend

ID가 `baz`인 항목(items)처럼 기본값과 동일한 값을 갖는다면:

```Python hl_lines="3  5-6"
{
    "name": "Baz",
    "description": None,
    "price": 50.2,
    "tax": 10.5,
    "tags": []
}
```

`description`, `tax` 그리고 `tags`가 기본값과 같더라도 (기본값에서 가져오는 대신) 값들이 명시적으로 설정되었다는 것을 인지할 정도로 FastAPI는 충분히 똑똑합니다(사실, Pydantic이 충분히 똑똑합니다).

따라서 JSON 스키마에 포함됩니다.

/// tip | 팁

`None` 뿐만 아니라 다른 어떤 것도 기본값이 될 수 있습니다.

import yaml
from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException, Request
from pydantic.v1 import BaseModel, ValidationError

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    tags: list[str]


@app.post(
    "/items/",
    openapi_extra={
        "requestBody": {
            "content": {"application/x-yaml": {"schema": Item.schema()}},
            "required": True,
        },
    },
)

import yaml
from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException, Request
from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    tags: list[str]


@app.post(
    "/items/",
    openapi_extra={
        "requestBody": {
            "content": {"application/x-yaml": {"schema": Item.model_json_schema()}},
            "required": True,
        },
    },
)

app = FastAPI()


class FilterParams(BaseModel):
    limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
    offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
    order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: FilterParams = Query()):

class FilterParams(BaseModel):
    model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}

    limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
    offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
    order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: FilterParams = Query()):