// Assert
        assertNull(ex.getCause(), "Null cause should be preserved");
        assertNotNull(ex.toString(), "toString should be safe to call");
    }

    @ParameterizedTest
    @NullAndEmptySource
    @ValueSource(strings = { "oops", "multi word", "中文" })
    @DisplayName("Message+Cause constructor: preserves both values; no interactions with cause")

   * for any given call to {@code cache.get} or {@code cache.getUnchecked} is the value returned, or
   * the exception thrown.
   *
   * <p>As we iterate from {@code 0} to {@code nThreads}, threads with an even index will call
   * {@code getUnchecked}, and threads with an odd index will call {@code get}. If the cache throws

		line, isPrefix, err := b.ReadLine()
		if !bytes.Equal(line, e.line) {
			t.Errorf("%q call %d, line == %q, want %q", input, i, line, e.line)
			return
		}
		if isPrefix != e.isPrefix {
			t.Errorf("%q call %d, isPrefix == %v, want %v", input, i, isPrefix, e.isPrefix)
			return
		}
		if err != e.err {
			t.Errorf("%q call %d, err == %v, want %v", input, i, err, e.err)
			return
		}
	}
}

     * behavior, so it knows that `convert(a)` returns a non-nullable value, and we don't need to
     * perform even a cast, much less a runtime check.
     *
     * All that said, don't forget that everyone should call converter.convert() instead of
     * converter.apply(), anyway. If clients use only converter.convert(), then their nullness
     * checkers are unlikely to ever look at the annotations on this declaration.

If you want to use your APIs' function names as `operationId`s, you can iterate over all of them and override each *path operation's* `operation_id` using their `APIRoute.name`.

You should do it after adding all your *path operations*.

{* ../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial002.py hl[2, 12:21, 24] *}

/// tip

If you manually call `app.openapi()`, you should update the `operationId`s before that.

///

  /** A bit mask which selects the bit encoding ASCII character case. */
  private static final char CASE_MASK = 0x20;

  /**
   * Returns a copy of the input string in which all {@linkplain #isUpperCase(char) uppercase ASCII
   * characters} have been converted to lowercase. All other characters are copied without
   * modification.
   */
  public static String toLowerCase(String string) {
    int length = string.length();

import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Helper class for creating {@link CacheBuilder} instances with all combinations of several sets of
 * parameters.
 *
 * @author mike nonemacher
 */
@NullUnmarked
class CacheBuilderFactory {
  // Default values contain only 'null', which means don't call the CacheBuilder method (just give
  // the CacheBuilder default).

 * that are important in the context of using jCIFS. They are:
 *
 * <ul>
 * <li><code>CallNamedPipe</code> A message-type pipe call that opens,
 * writes to, reads from, and closes the pipe in a single operation.
 * <li><code>TransactNamedPipe</code> A message-type pipe call that
 * writes to and reads from an existing pipe descriptor in one operation.
 * <li><code>CreateFile</code>, <code>ReadFile</code>,

 * stale).
 */
class CacheStrategy internal constructor(
  /** The request to send on the network, or null if this call doesn't use the network. */
  val networkRequest: Request?,
  /** The cached response to return or validate; or null if this call doesn't use a cache. */
  val cacheResponse: Response?,
) {
  class Factory(
    private val nowMillis: Long,
    internal val request: Request,

So we are going to use that same knowledge to document how the *external API* should look like... by creating the *path operation(s)* that the external API should implement (the ones your API will call).

/// tip

When writing the code to document a callback, it might be useful to imagine that you are that *external developer*. And that you are currently implementing the *external API*, not *your API*.