# 파일 요청

`File`을 사용하여 클라이언트가 업로드할 파일들을 정의할 수 있습니다.

/// info | 정보

업로드된 파일을 전달받기 위해 먼저 <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart" class="external-link" target="_blank">`python-multipart`</a>를 설치해야합니다.

예시) `pip install python-multipart`.

업로드된 파일들은 "폼 데이터"의 형태로 전송되기 때문에 이 작업이 필요합니다.

///

## `File` 임포트

`fastapi` 에서 `File` 과 `UploadFile` 을 임포트 합니다:

{* ../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py hl[1] *}

```

</div>

/// note | Nota

El comando `uvicorn main:app` se refiere a:

* `main`: el archivo `main.py` (el "módulo" de Python).
* `app`: el objeto creado dentro de `main.py` con la línea `app = FastAPI()`.

Es equivalente a:

```Python
from main import app
```

///

/// info | Información

Para usar forms, primero instala <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart" class="external-link" target="_blank">`python-multipart`</a>.

Asegúrate de crear un [entorno virtual](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activarlo, y luego instalarlo, por ejemplo:

```console
$ pip install python-multipart
```

///

## Importar `Form`

Importar `Form` desde `fastapi`:

/// info

To use forms, first install <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart" class="external-link" target="_blank">`python-multipart`</a>.

Make sure you create a [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activate it, and then install it, for example:

```console
$ pip install python-multipart
```

///

## Import `Form` { #import-form }

Da einfache Werte standardmäßig als Query-Parameter interpretiert werden, müssen Sie `Query` nicht explizit hinzufügen, Sie können einfach schreiben:

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = None
```

Oder in Python 3.10 und darüber:

```Python
q: str | None = None
```

Zum Beispiel:

{* ../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an_py310.py hl[27] *}

/// info

As, by default, singular values are interpreted as query parameters, you don't have to explicitly add a `Query`, you can just do:

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = None
```

Or in Python 3.10 and above:

```Python
q: str | None = None
```

For example:

{* ../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an_py310.py hl[28] *}


/// info

---

רק גרדנו את קצה הקרחון, אבל כבר יש לכם רעיון של איך הכל עובד.

נסו לשנות את השורה:

```Python
    return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
```

...מ:

```Python
        ... "item_name": item.name ...
```

...ל:

```Python
        ... "item_price": item.price ...
```

...וראו איך העורך שלכם משלים את המאפיינים ויודע את הטיפוסים שלהם:

# Status Codes

You can import the `status` module from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi import status
```

`status` is provided directly by Starlette.

It contains a group of named constants (variables) with integer status codes.

For example:

* 200: `status.HTTP_200_OK`
* 403: `status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN`
* etc.

Результатом её вызова является объект, который может быть закодирован с помощью функции из стандартной библиотеки Python – <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/json.html#json.dumps" class="external-link" target="_blank">`json.dumps()`</a>.

Функция не возвращает большой `str`, содержащий данные в формате JSON (в виде строки). Она возвращает стандартную структуру данных Python (например, `dict`) со значениями и подзначениями, которые совместимы с JSON.

## Types and validation { #types-and-validation }

These environment variables can only handle text strings, as they are external to Python and have to be compatible with other programs and the rest of the system (and even with different operating systems, as Linux, Windows, macOS).

That means that any value read in Python from an environment variable will be a `str`, and any conversion to a different type or any validation has to be done in code.