c.Assert(response.ContentLength, int64(len([]byte("hello world"))))
	var buffer2 bytes.Buffer
	// retrieve the contents of response body.
	n, err := io.Copy(&buffer2, response.Body)
	c.Assert(err, nil)
	c.Assert(n, int64(len([]byte("hello world"))))
	// asserted the contents of the fetched object with the expected result.
	c.Assert(true, bytes.Equal(buffer2.Bytes(), []byte("hello world")))

func (kvs KVS) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
	b := new(bytes.Buffer)
	b.Write([]byte("{"))
	for i, kv := range kvs {
		b.Write([]byte("\"" + kv.Key + "\"" + ":"))
		valBuf, err := json.Marshal(kv.Value)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		b.Write(valBuf)
		if i < len(kvs)-1 {
			b.Write([]byte(","))
		}
	}
	b.Write([]byte("}"))
	return b.Bytes(), nil
}

      this.digest = digest;
      this.bytes = bytes;
    }

    @Override
    protected void update(byte b) {
      checkNotDone();
      digest.update(b);
    }

    @Override
    protected void update(byte[] b, int off, int len) {
      checkNotDone();
      digest.update(b, off, len);
    }

    @Override
    protected void update(ByteBuffer bytes) {

@NullUnmarked
public class FunnelsTest extends TestCase {
  public void testForBytes() {
    PrimitiveSink primitiveSink = mock(PrimitiveSink.class);
    Funnels.byteArrayFunnel().funnel(new byte[] {4, 3, 2, 1}, primitiveSink);
    verify(primitiveSink).putBytes(new byte[] {4, 3, 2, 1});
  }

  public void testForBytes_null() {
    assertNullsThrowException(Funnels.byteArrayFunnel());
  }

  public void testForStrings() {

	Remote    string
	Subroute  string
}

const (
	httpScheme  = "http://"
	httpsScheme = "https://"
)

func (c *muxClient) traceRoundtrip(ctx context.Context, t *tracer, h HandlerID, req []byte) ([]byte, error) {
	if t == nil || t.Publisher.NumSubscribers(t.TraceType) == 0 {
		return c.roundtrip(h, req)
	}

	// Following trimming is needed for consistency between outputs with other internode traces.

func newRandString(length int) string {
	randSrc := rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))

	b := make([]byte, length)
	for i := range b {
		b[i] = charset[randSrc.Intn(len(charset))]
	}
	return string(b)
}

func genSampleCSVData(count int) []byte {
	buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
	csvWriter := csv.NewWriter(buf)
	csvWriter.Write([]string{"id", "name", "age", "city"})

	for i := range count {

import (
	"crypto/rsa"
	"crypto/x509"
	"encoding/base64"
	"encoding/pem"
	"log"
)

func bytesToPrivateKey(priv []byte) (*rsa.PrivateKey, error) {
	// Try PEM
	if block, _ := pem.Decode(priv); block != nil {
		return x509.ParsePKCS1PrivateKey(block.Bytes)
	}
	// Try base 64
	dst := make([]byte, base64.StdEncoding.DecodedLen(len(priv)))
	if n, err := base64.StdEncoding.Decode(dst, priv); err == nil {

// AppendTo will append the checksum to b.
// 'parts' is used when checksum has ChecksumMultipart set.
// ReadCheckSums reads the values back.
func (c *Checksum) AppendTo(b []byte, parts []byte) []byte {
	if c == nil {
		return nil
	}
	var tmp [binary.MaxVarintLen32]byte
	n := binary.PutUvarint(tmp[:], uint64(c.Type))
	crc := c.Raw
	if c.Type.Trailing() {
		// When we serialize we don't care if it was trailing.

			}

			// Various ranges to query - all are valid!
			rangeHdrs := []string{
				// Read first byte of object
				fmt.Sprintf("bytes=%d-%d", 0, 0),
				// Read second byte of object
				fmt.Sprintf("bytes=%d-%d", 1, 1),
				// Read last byte of object
				fmt.Sprintf("bytes=-%d", 1),
				// Read all but first byte of object
				"bytes=1-",
				// Read first half of object
				fmt.Sprintf("bytes=%d-%d", 0, objLen/2),

		return v, nil
	}

	var value any
	switch val := v.(type) {
	case []byte:
		// TODO: only strings are supported in s3select output (not
		// binary arrays) - perhaps we need to check the annotation to
		// ensure it's UTF8 encoded.
		value = string(val)
	case [12]byte:
		// TODO: This is returned for the parquet INT96 type. We just
		// treat it same as []byte (but AWS S3 treats it as a large int)
		// - fix this later.