[Tutorial - User Guide](../tutorial/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank} sayfası **FastAPI**'ın tüm ana özelliklerini tanıtmaya yetecektir.

İlerleyen bölümlerde diğer seçenekler, konfigürasyonlar ve ek özellikleri göreceğiz.

/// tip | "İpucu"

Sonraki bölümler **mutlaka "gelişmiş" olmak zorunda değildir**.

Kullanım şeklinize bağlı olarak, çözümünüz bu bölümlerden birinde olabilir.

///

## Önce Öğreticiyi Okuyun

## Additional Features

There are some extra features to handle security apart from the ones covered in the [Tutorial - User Guide: Security](../../tutorial/security/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

/// tip

The next sections are **not necessarily "advanced"**.

And it's possible that for your use case, the solution is in one of them.

///

## Read the Tutorial first

#!/usr/bin/env bash

set -x

trap 'catch $LINENO' ERR

# shellcheck disable=SC2120
catch() {
	if [ $# -ne 0 ]; then
		echo "error on line $1"
		for site in sitea siteb; do
			echo "$site server logs ========="
			cat "/tmp/${site}_1.log"
			echo "==========================="
			cat "/tmp/${site}_2.log"
		done
	fi

	echo "Cleaning up instances of MinIO"
	pkill minio
	pkill -9 minio
	rm -rf /tmp/multisitea

FastAPI will use this `response_model` to do all the data documentation, validation, etc. and also to **convert and filter the output data** to its type declaration.

/// tip

If you have strict type checks in your editor, mypy, etc, you can declare the function return type as `Any`.

# About HTTPS

It is easy to assume that HTTPS is something that is just "enabled" or not.

But it is way more complex than that.

/// tip

If you are in a hurry or don't care, continue with the next sections for step by step instructions to set everything up with different techniques.

///

# Переменные окружения

/// tip

Если вы уже знаете, что такое «переменные окружения» и как их использовать, можете пропустить это.

///

Переменная окружения (также известная как «**env var**») - это переменная, которая живет **вне** кода Python, в **операционной системе**, и может быть прочитана вашим кодом Python (или другими программами).

Переменные окружения могут быть полезны для работы с **настройками** приложений, как часть **установки** Python и т.д.

///

`response_model` 📨 🎏 🆎 👆 🔜 📣 Pydantic 🏷 🏑,, ⚫️ 💪 Pydantic 🏷, ✋️ ⚫️ 💪, ✅ `list` Pydantic 🏷, 💖 `List[Item]`.

FastAPI 🔜 ⚙️ 👉 `response_model` 🌐 💽 🧾, 🔬, ♒️. & **🗜 & ⛽ 🔢 📊** 🚮 🆎 📄.

/// tip

🚥 👆 ✔️ ⚠ 🆎 ✅ 👆 👨‍🎨, ✍, ♒️, 👆 💪 📣 🔢 📨 🆎 `Any`.

👈 🌌 👆 💬 👨‍🎨 👈 👆 😫 🛬 🕳. ✋️ FastAPI 🔜 💽 🧾, 🔬, 🖥, ♒️. ⏮️ `response_model`.

///

### `response_model` 📫

You can set them as follows:

```Python hl_lines="3-16  19-32"
{!../../docs_src/metadata/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// tip

You can write Markdown in the `description` field and it will be rendered in the output.

///

With this configuration, the automatic API docs would look like:

<img src="/img/tutorial/metadata/image01.png">

这就是所有带有「使用 Facebook，Google，Twitter，GitHub 登录」的系统背后所使用的机制。

### OAuth 1

有一个 OAuth 1，它与 OAuth2 完全不同，并且更为复杂，因为它直接包含了有关如何加密通信的规范。

如今它已经不是很流行，没有被广泛使用了。

OAuth2 没有指定如何加密通信，它期望你为应用程序使用 HTTPS 进行通信。

/// tip

在有关**部署**的章节中，你将了解如何使用 Traefik 和 Let's Encrypt 免费设置 HTTPS。

///

## OpenID Connect

OpenID Connect 是另一个基于 **OAuth2** 的规范。

它只是扩展了 OAuth2，并明确了一些在 OAuth2 中相对模糊的内容，以尝试使其更具互操作性。

│   ├── main.py
│   ├── dependencies.py
│   └── routers
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   ├── items.py
│   │   └── users.py
│   └── internal
│       ├── __init__.py
│       └── admin.py
```

/// tip

上面有几个 `__init__.py` 文件：每个目录或子目录中都有一个。

这就是能将代码从一个文件导入到另一个文件的原因。

例如，在 `app/main.py` 中，你可以有如下一行：

```
from app.routers import items
```

///